Reference no: EM132635782

1. Aluminum atoms have a total of thirteen electrons.

a. Draw the 3 electrons shells found in an aluminum atom.

b. Draw where you would find the electrons in an aluminum atom.

c. Label which shell is the valence shell.

2. Draw the atomic structures of two hydrogen atoms sharing electrons to produce the molecule H2 (hydrogen gas). See how each atom is sharing its electrons with the other so that each has 2 electrons to fill its valence shell (remember hydrogen atoms have only one electron shell). The structural formula of H2 gas is H- H. The single solid line between the atoms represents a pair of shared electrons in the covalent bond

3. Draw the atomic structures showing two oxygen atoms sharing electrons to produce O2 (the oxygen gas that you are breathing).

4. The structural formula of O2 gas is O = O. The 2 lines joining the oxygen atoms represent a covalent bond where the atoms are sharing ___________ pairs of electrons. Therefore, when covalent bonds are represented in a structural formula, each line connecting the symbols for the elements in the molecule shows there is a pair of shared electrons

5. Weaker than both covalent and ionic bonds (which occur between atoms within a molecule), there is a type of bond that occurs between different molecules called a HYDROGEN BOND. Draw the atomic structures of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms sharing their electrons to produce a molecule of H2O (water).

6. Draw the structural formula of 2 water molecules and show where each atom in each of the water molecules has a slightly positive or a slightly negative charge and show by drawing a dotted line where the hydrogen bond exists between the 2 water molecules. (Remember, a hydrogen bond exists between a H atom, that is covalently bound to an O or N atom, and an O or N atom of a different molecule.

7. Draw a molecule of glycerol and one fatty acid with 6 carbons and show how the two combine by dehydration synthesis:

8. Draw what a typical phospholipid bilayer looks like in a cell membrane, and label the areas of the phospholipid molecules that are hydrophilic and hydrophobic.

9. a. Draw in the space below a typical amino acid and label the amino group and the carboxyl group:

9b. Two amino acids can be combined by what process?

9c. The covalent bond between two amino acids is called a peptide bond. By combining many amino acids together a POLYPEPTIDE is formed. Draw the structural formula of a dipeptide and show where the peptide bond is located:

10. Draw and label the parts of an ATP molecule