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Many experiments in neuroscience are done using a technique called voltage clamping. In this technique, an experimenter can rapidly (within microseconds) control the voltage of the cell and measure the resultant electrical current that flows through various channels. The system will lock the voltage at the desired level regardless of the openings or closings of voltage-gated channels. The recordings thus reflect the summed total of thousands to millions of potassium, sodium and other ion-selective channels.
Imagine just the axon of a neuron voltage-clamped at -70 mV for 5 milliseconds, then %u201Cjumped%u201D to 0 mV for 5 ms, then jumped back to -70 mV. First, draw a diagram showing the voltage protocol that is being used. Next, draw in a separate diagram he summed electrical currents you would expect to see in this preparation. Be sure to label the axes. Then imagine that tetrodoxin, a toxin from puffer fish that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels, is added. Draw on a separate diagram the electrical current one would expect to see in this condition using the same voltage protocol. Now, wash out the tetrodotoxin and add tetraethylammonium (TEA), that blocks voltage-gated potassium channels. Draw on a separate diagram the electrical current one would expect to see in this condition using the same voltage protocol. Finally, add both TTX and TEA and draw on a separate diagram the electrical current one would expect to see in this condition using the same voltage protocol.
What procedure ensures that pre-mRNA processing is co-transcriptional? Disucss ow are all three steps of processing sequentially controlled?
A student performed a BioRad miniprep of plasmid DNA that resulted in 100ul(microliter) of DNA solution. To determine the concentration of this solution, 20ul of the DNA solution was placed in 480ul of water and the absorbance of the diluted sampl..
you decide that you want to figure out a situation where you see constant transcription of the lac genes but you want the amount of transcription to be low. which scenarios will give low transcription?
A class of environmental science students decided to determine the composition of trees in a forest next to their campus. The students decided to conduct a point-quarter survey.
create an outline or flow chart of the categories and subcategories of the steroid hormones. Indicate the glands that secretes each hormones.
Assume that there are 63 different naturally occurring amino acids. If all 64 possible combinations of bases for a codon resulted in coding for 63 different amino acids and one stop codon, which of the next mutations would NOT be possible.
cross a tru breeding sepia eyed female to a true breeding scarlet eyed male. then cross a F1 male to a F1 female. give the scheme of the cross, the resulting F2 phenotypes and their percentages.
Explain why are many hospitals in developed countries consume large amounts of cephalosporin antibiotics, particularly in surgical departments as the preferred choice for prophylaxis and Describe the structure of viruses.
Recognize precisely which areas of the living human brain are most active in participants who are trying to solve a mathematical problem.
Ebony is a seven year old child who didnt feel well and was complaining of a sore throat. By the next morning, Ebony had a bright red tongue and a rash across her chest.
how data were collected during a study of the catalytic.
Describe why heritablility only applies to population (not individuals or species), and how heritability can change without any genetic change occurring.
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