Reference no: EM131229550

1. A control valve is to be used to control water flow at a maximum rate of 120 US gallons per minute. If the maximum pressure drop across the valve is 100 psi, determine the valve size required for this particular application. The table below relates C_V and valve size.

CV	Valve size (inches)
0.3	1/4
3	1/2
14	1
35	1.1/2
55	2
108	3
174	4
400	6
725	8

TABLE 1

2. FIGURE 1 shows the valve characteristics of three different types of valve trim.

FIG. 1

(i) Identify each of the three characteristics.

(ii) State, with reasons, a typical type of application for each of the three types of valve trim.

3. Write brief notes on the following topics:

(a) flashing in control valves
(b) cavitation in control valves
(c) control valve noise
(d) reasons for the use of valve positioners.

4. The level of liquid in an open tank (FIGURE 2) is to be controlled by regulating the flow of liquid into the vessel.

(a) Complete the drawing to show how the level can be controlled by linking the liquid inflow and liquid level controls in cascade.

(b) Draw a control block diagram of the cascaded system.

(c) Describe the response of the cascaded system to a change in the measured level of liquid.

5. FIGURE 3 shows the block diagram of the control of an electric heating system. The heater is driven from a voltage-controlled power supply, the voltage V₁ being derived from a potientiometer. The output temperature, θ_O, is subject to disturbances, θ_D, because of changes in the ambient temperature. It is proposed to apply 'disturbance feedback control' to the system by the inclusion of a transducer that measures the external temperature and feeds a signal back to the input via a proportional controller of gain H.

Determine the required value of H to eliminate the effect of the disturbance.

6. The purpose of the arrangement shown in FIGURE 4 is to mix the two liquid products A and B in a fixed mass ratio. Product A, which is itself a mixture, is a 'wild' flow, whilst product B, a pure compound, is controlled. As the mixture leaves the tank the transmitter ρTX measures its density.

(a) Complete the diagram to show how the arrangement could be controlled by the method of 'variable ratio control'.

(b) Identify which transmitter provides 'feedforward'.

(c) Describe how the control system responds to a disturbance caused by a variation in the density of product A.

7. FIGURE 5 shows a partially completed diagram of a flow control system. The flow controller is reverse acting and has a 0.2 to 1.0 bar pneumatic output signal which will supply both control valves V₁ and V₂.

The small range control valve, V₂, only needs to operate on the first 25% output change of the controller output signal. For larger flow rates the small range valve will remain fully open and control will be achieved by operation of the large range valve. Note the differing air failure action of the two valves.

Design a system utilising valve positioners which will meet the prestated specifications.