Reference no: EM133725125

Question: Please respsone to the text below

According to Hardiman (1982), the discomfort in realizing that one is White and that one's group has engaged in oppression of racial/ethnic minorities may propel the person into the next stage. Hardiman (1982) model focused on the autobiographies of individuals who had attained a high level of racial consciousness Helms (1990,1995) created the most elaborate and sophisticated white racial identify model yet proposed. Not only has her model led to the development of an assessment instrument to measure White racial identity, but also it has been scrutinized empirically and has generated much research and debate in psychological literature. To her, developing a healthy White identity requires movement through two phases: (1) abandonment of racism and (2) defining a non-racist. Sue and Sue (1971) proposed a five-stage process that integrates the Hardiman and Helms models. Sue and Sue (1971) model make several assumptions. First, racism is an integral part of U.S. life, and it permeates all aspects of our culture and institutions (ethnocentric monoculturalism). Second, Whites are socialized into the society and therefore inherit all the biases; stereotypes; and racist attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of the larger society. Third, how Whites perceive themselves as racial beings follows an identifiable sequence that can occur in a linear or nonlinear fashion. Fourth, the status of White racial identity development in any multicultural encounter affects the process and outcome of interracial relationships and finally that the White person not only accepts his or her Whiteness but also defines it in a non-defensive and nonracist manner. To move forward toward developing a non-racist white identity you must be culturally competent. Willing to expand my knowledge by studying the diversity of clients and being able to interact with people from different cultures.