Reference no: EM133679494

Assignment:

Respond to : As stated by the author, intelligence is often referred to as raw data that is collected, but this would be incorrect (Prunckun, 2019). Instead, intelligence refers to that data after it has gone through the process of filtration and analysis to see if any of that information is usable or actionable and meaning is given to said information. It is like recording statistics in a game of baseball. While you can record the actions of every single player through every pitch, the stats that matter the most, or have meaning, are statistics like batting averages, on base percentages, and wins above replacement. Inteligence can cover a broad spectrum of information, and therefore can be broken down into four different functions being espionage, observation, research and analysis, and cover operations according to the author. They stated that the first two sections of espionage and observation support the third section of research and analysis, which then all combine to support covert ops. Counterintelligence is the part that ties all four sections together.

The line between intelligence and counterintelligence is thin, but there is a clear distinction between the two. Intelligence can be used to attack the opposition and weaken them whereas counterintelligence is the defense that would stop these types of attacks. The main thing that counterintelligence is concerned with is deterrence and detection by gathering information through the four previously mentioned sections. Counterintelligence is able to pull this off by being placed in two separate taxonomic categories of defense and offense (Prunckun, 2019).

In discussing the role of counterintelligence, Bustiuc and Stan (2021) stated that it can be explained as the protection of secrets against espionage and and other intelligence activities of opposing or external entities. Deterrence and detection define the defensive side of counterintelligence while detection, deception, and neutralization define the offense of counterintelligence according to the author. The typology of counterintelligence according to Prunckun (2019) revolves around five major types which are national security, military, law enforcement, business, and private.

Grounded theory is the practice of developing a theory or concept based on qualitative information like observations and putting them together in themes or patterns (Prunckun, 2019). According to Charmaz and Belgrave (2019) Grounded Theory can make relevant predictions, explanations, and can be applied easily for the laymen as well as professionals. In relation to counterintelligence, all collected data is then analyzed and a pattern extracted. A theory of what the oppositions next move can then be made based on observation and patterns int the data, and next steps can then be determined. The simplified process of observation, theme notation, and meaning formulation can define grounded theory. When it comes to the bible, the grounding of theory and belief in Him comes from the first line (New King James Bible, 1982/2007, Genesis 1:1). If we believe that God created the heavens and the earth, then the rest of the Bible and biblical principles are grounded in what we see every day.

Reference

Bustiuc, F., & Stan, M. (2021). Active Measures Counterintelligence Reconfiguration Elements. Romanian Intel. Stud. Rev., 26, 141.

Charmaz, K., & Belgrave, L. L. (2019). Thinking about data with grounded theory. Qualitative inquiry, 25(8), 743-753.

‌New King James Version Study Bible (2007). (Original work published 1982.)

Prunckun, H. (2019). Counterintelligence theory and practice. Rowman & Littlefield.