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Think about the market for vaccines, which we described in class as having a positive consumption externality.
(a) Explain carefully why this is so, especially who else benefits and how.
(b) Define carefully the general meaning of marginal external benefit. Explain how you think the marginal external benefit (MEB) of a vaccine will vary with the quantity of vaccine consumed and why. Draw the curve for the MEB that you have described.
(c) Given the MEB you have described and assuming an upward sloping MPC curve and a downward sloping MPB curve, illustrate the first free market and socially optimal quantities in a supply and demand diagram. Explain in words why these quantities occur and how they compare.
(d) Describe in words and illustrate in the graph a tax or subsidy policy that would result in the socially optimal quantity being produced. Explain in accessible words why the policy would result in the socially optimal quantity of vaccine being consumed.
(e) Define in general the term "internalize the externality" and explain its application in this case. Discuss a policy other than a tax or subidy that could cause individuals to internalize the externality. Explain briefly.
The nation is divided into __12______ Federal Reserve districts, each having a Federal Reserve Bank.
Suppose that because of the ongoing financial turmoil banks become more prudent: that is, other things equal, banks want to hold more excess reserves and make fewer loans.
This document shows evaluation of alternative approaches to analysing the effectiveness of public policy and Assess the impact of government policies on selected areas.
Write an equation that expresses the money supply multiplier (for M1) in terms of its three determinants.
Suppose that natural real GDP is constant. For every 1 percent increase in the rate of inflation above its expected level, firms are willing to increase real GDP by 2 percent.
The economy of a country called Econoland is described by the following desired aggregate expenditure components (all figures in billions of $). For the purposes of this question, the first set of equations will be referred to as fiscal policy1.
Compute the income elasticity of demand for product below, by using average values for quantities and incomes.
Draw a diagram showing the current situation of the firm. In addition to the above information, suppose the price of the output is $13/unit, if the firm wants to maximize its profit, what should it do? Explain in detail with the aid of a diagram.
Discuss the advantages and/or disadvantages of distributing marketable pesticide permits to each farm operating in the watershed equal to 40% of its current level of use of that pesticide, versus simply ordering each farm to reduce pesticide use t..
Using the Lerner index, find the price elasticity of demand for Botox and interpret what this value means to total revenue if the price of Botox were increased one percentage point.
What is the value of the money multiplier? What is the value of the nomial money supply? What are the nominal values of deposits, currency and reserves?
Describe (in a sentence or two) the short run profit maximization condition when labour is the only variable input? What will happen to the labour demand if price of the output goes up?
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