Reference no: EM133740347
Problem
Mr. Vincent Brody, a 67-year-old retired schoolteacher, makes an appointment to see his general practitioner (GP) after several weeks of experiencing troubling symptoms. These symptoms include a frequent urge to urinate, especially at night, and difficulty achieving and maintaining erections. Despite these discomforts, Mr. Brody has dismissed these issues as just a part of aging for a couple of months now.
During the consultation, his GP listens to Mr Brody's account of his symptoms and suspects that these could be indicative of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
He asks Mr. Brody about his diet. Mr. Brody enjoys eating steak at least four times a week, and he doesn't like many fruits or vegetables. He recalls his father had problems with his prostate health, but cannot recall specific details.
Recognising the need for specialised assessment, the GP refers him to a urologist for further evaluation and treatment. However, worried about the potential findings and the stigma of prostate issues, Mr. Brody procrastinates, delaying his visit to the urologist for several months.
By the time Mr. Brody finally visits the urologist, his condition has noticeably worsened. He now reports worsening of the initial symptoms but also includes blood in his urine, noticeable weight loss and gradually worsening back pain over the past few weeks.
The urologist conducts a comprehensive evaluation of Mr. Brody's condition. The urologist orders tests.
These tests confirm the diagnosis of stage 4 prostate cancer due to ductal adenocarcinoma.
Understanding the severity of Mr. Brody's diagnosis and its impact on his life, the urologist discusses the available treatment options. Given the advanced state of his condition, the urologist decides to admit him into the hospital for treatment.
A detailed pathophysiological sequence connecting the disease/disorder with five clinical manifestations observed in the patient (from the case study scenario), grounded in evidence-based literature.