Reference no: EM133466835

Question

1. We discussed several ways bacteria "hide" from a host immune system to promote their own colonization and growth. Explain how phase variation contributes to colonization using Salmonella as a specific example with all the following terms used correctly: homologous recombination, promoter, flagella, antigen, antibody, and macrophage.

2. Within a phagocytic cell, how does the phagosome environment change after lysosome fusion? What role does the lysin virulence factor specifically play to protect a bacterial pathogen like Yersinia?

3. Describe two general characteristics that antibiotics commonly share using the peptidoglycan-inhibiting drug penicillin as a specific example.

4. You have isolated a novel antibiotic produced by a soil bacterium. Describe a) how you would test whether this antibiotic is effective against the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, b) how you would identify the MIC of this antibiotic against Streptococcus pneumoniae, and c) how you would determine whether this antibiotic is bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal.