Discuss the various dosage forms and their onset of action

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Question 1. Recognize the various dosage forms and their onset of action.

Dosage forms
Various dosage forms

Enteral- Tabs, caps, pills, oral soluble wafers, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, emulsions, solutions, lozenges or troches, rectal suppositories, sublingual or buccal tabs.
Parenteral- injectable forms, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, powders for reconstitution.
Topical-aerosols, ointments, creams, pastes, powders, solutions, foams, gels, transdermal patches, inhalers, rectal and vaginal suppositories.

Absorption rates from fastest to slowest

Oral disintegration, buccal tabs, and oral soluble wafers, liquids, elixirs, syrups, suspension solutions, powders, caps, tabs, coated tabs and enteric-coated tabs.

Question 2. Make note of all the pregnancy category x medications

Question 3. Know your reversal agents/antidotes

Flumazenil- Benzo antagonist
Naloxone (narcan)- opioid overdose

Question 4. Know example medications for each pharmacologic class

Question 5. Drug of choice medications for specific ailments

Question 6. Contraindications of herbal products

Chamomile- increases risk of bleeding with anti-coagulants
Cranberry- decreased elimination of many drugs that are renally excreted
Echinacea- possible interference with or counteraction to immunosuppressant drugs and antivirals
Evening primrose- possible interaction with antipsychotic drugs
Garlic- possible interference with hypoglycemic therapy and the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin)
Gingko- may increase risk for bleeding with anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin) and antiplatelet (aspirin, clopidogrel)
Ginger root- at high dosages, possible interference with cardiac, antidiabetic and anticoagulant drugs
Hawthorn- may lead to toxic levels of cardiac glycosides (e.g., digitalis)
Kava- may increase the effect of barbiturates and alcohol
Saw palmetto- may change the effects of hormones in oral contraceptive drugs, patches, or hormonal replacement therapies
Valerian- increases nervous system depression if used with sedatives
St. johns wort- may lead to serotonin syndrome if used with other serotonergic drugs (ex. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). May interact with many drugs including antidepressants, antihistamines, digoxin, immunosuppressant's, theophylline and warfarin.
Grape fruit- decreases metabolism of drugs used for erectile dysfunction, estrogens, and psychotherapeutic. Increases risk for toxicity of immunosuppressant's, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, and some psychotherapeutic drugs increases intensity and duration of effects of caffeine.

Question 7. Effective patient education techniques

Question 8. Allergy considerations with medications

Question 9. Pharmacokinetics of insulin preparations

Question 10. Signs/symptoms of toxicity associated with medications that have a narrow therapeutic index

Question 11. Therapeutic ranges of medications that have a narrow therapeutic index

Question 12. Medications that are co-administered with another medication to combat adverse effects

Question 13. Laboratory values one would monitor to gauge a medications effectiveness/toxicity

Question 14. Signs/symptoms of various disease states

Question 15. Causes for specific disease states

Question 16. Key terminology

Question 17. Contraindications/black box warnings

Question 18. Vitamins/minerals (roles they play, alternative names, what deficiencies lead to)

Question 19. Significant interactions with alcohol (things beyond sedation)

Question 20. Antacid formulations and their adverse effects

Question 21. Barriers to patient cpmpleince and how to combat them

Question 22. Rights of nursing and medication administration

Question 23. Types of pharmacologic therapy

Question 24. Lifestyle considerations when receiving pharmacological therapy

Question 25. Mechanism of action of various medications

Question 26. Key drugs

Reference no: EM132459027

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