Reference no: EM133211850
Question: Estonia is often lauded around the world for its leadership and expertise in cybersecurity and e-governance. Yet, for a relatively small country of just 1.3 million people, its role as a technological pioneer and "pathfinder" continues to surprise many. Such a position, however, can be evidenced by a number of developments to Estonia's "digital society" since it restored independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
Whilst Estonia's trajectory as an advanced digital society may herald many significant benefits (and plaudits), it is of no great surprise that its dependency on its digital eco-system also brings with it a number of inherent risks. This was highlighted strikingly in 2007, when Estonia fell victim to what is widely believed to be the first instance of a state-sponsored cyberattack, targeting key state institutions and ICT infrastructure. Although damage and impact were fairly minimal, the attack not only served as a vital wake-up call for the Estonian government but equally brought the issue of cybersecurity and cyber defense into the mainstream and on to national security agendas around the world. At a local level, weaknesses were highlighted in government policy, legislation, and emergency response, whilst issues around national defense, international law, and capacity building on an international level were also brought to light.
Discuss amongst your peers. Estonia's first, second, and third (current) cybersecurity and ICT strategies.