Reference no: EM133701661

Assignment:

Please give reference with citation in text for each answer

Multi-part tutorial question B

You are giving a presentation to a new staff member in the diabetic clinic. Discuss the first stages of diabetes mellitus type ll (insulin resistance) as well as oral hypoglycaemic drugs

Sub-question A:

Briefly explain insulin resistance, giving examples of how this 'resistance' occurs.

Sub-question B:

2. Discuss a specific sulphonylurea including its mechanism of action and the most important side effects and contraindications. Make sure you include information about what you would say to the client about the main side effects to make sure they can safely deal with it if it occurs, and the type of diabetic you would not give the medication to.

Sub-question C:

3. Discuss a specific biguanide with respect to its mechanisms of action and the most important indications, side effects and contraindications. Make sure you discuss the appropriate measures that will decrease the likelihood of the most important adverse effect

Multi-part tutorial question Final

A colleague of yours is wondering why a client has been prescribed the antidepressant amitriptyline for her neuropathic pain when she does not suffer from depression.

Discuss amitriptyline as an antidepressant and analgesic and compare it to the opioid narcotic analgesic oxycodone with respect to the mechanisms of action, indications and effects.

Sub-question A:

Using amitriptyline as an example, very briefly describe the general mechanism of action of TCAs (in relation to depression) and the most important side effects and contraindications.

Sub-question B:

Amitriptyline and other TCAs are also used in the treatment of some types of pain. Briefly overview the pain pathway, explaining where amitriptyline works and the type of pain for which it is most effective.

Sub-question C:

Most opioids are also used in the treatment of pain. Using the opioid oxycodone as an example, cite a few examples of the types of pain that are generally not addressed very well with opioid analgesics. Briefly explain why oxycodone is not the ideal analgesic for chronic non-cancer pain with respect to (a) the mechanisms by which people become tolerant of its analgesic effects and (b) the adverse effects.