Reference no: EM132197599

Assignment I -

Section 'A':

I. a. Differentiate between language learning in formal and informal contexts. [100-150 words].

b. Discuss the teaching of English in a formal context in your State / region. [100-150 words].

II. a. Do you think a teacher is required for the learning of a language? Draw on your own experience of learning / teaching English. [100-150 words].

b. Discuss the impact of a learner-centered perspective in language teaching. Does a teacher relinquish her/his role in such an approach? [100-150 words].

III. What are the differences between language acquisition and language learning? How, according to you, can second language learning in our country be made more conducive? [200-250 words].

Section 'B':

Examine the lesson attached to this Assignment ("Human Relations") and answer the following questions.

I. What is the approach to language teaching on which the textbook is designed? Discuss with reference to the lesson. [100-150 words].

II. a. Read the lesson and identify the sub-skills of writing. Would you suggest any further activities? Why / why not? [100-150 words].

b. Identify the sub-skills of reading being developed in the lesson? Are they developing factual, inferential or evaluative skills (or all three)? Discuss with examples from the questions at the end of the lesson. [100-150 words].

III. a. Why do you think there are no exercises provided for developing listening and speaking skills? [50-100 words].

b. Do you think listening should be a part of instructed language learning? [100-150 words].

c. Would you agree that it is easy to develop speaking skills in a classroom? Why / why not? [100-150 words].

Assignment II -

a. How would you differentiate between the elements of a language and language skills? [150-200 words].

b. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of teaching elements of English language in isolation and in context.

Attach 2 samples from a textbook on teaching grammar, (i) in isolation and, (ii) in context.

Attach 2 samples from a textbook on teaching vocabulary (i) in isolation and, (ii) in context.

Use all of the above samples in your discussion. [350-400 words].

II. Testing does not always reflect the actual language proficiency of learners.

a. What, in your opinion, are the reasons for the mismatch between actual proficiency and test results? [150-200 words].

b. How would you address this gap so that testing would be more reflective of the actual proficiency of the learner? [150-200 words].

III. Discuss the role of "formal assessment," "informal assessment," "formative assessment" and "summative assessment" in evaluation. [250-300 words].

IV. a. Examine a recent sample test paper that you have used or come across and discuss the questions for testing reading and writing skills. Analyse the tasks and state whether they are, (i) direct, (ii) indirect, (iii) memory-based. Attach the test paper along with your assignment. [250-300 words].

Human Relations - Look at the picture (attached) and read the following excerpt from the diary of a 72-year-old man. Answer the questions that follow.

As I sit here alone and waiting

I gaze at people passing me by.

I try to smile and reach out to them

But no one notices; no one waits.

They look to me like I any nothing.

Are they afraid to be seen saying "Hi" to an old man like me?

1. What is the excerpt about?

2. How do people respond to the old man's smile?

3. How should old people be treated so that they do not feel neglected?

Reading - The Journey  

Comprehension -

Answer the following questions.

1. 'After spending a leisurely Sunday at home, the very thought of returning to work on Monday is tiring.' Do you agree? Have you ever felt so?

2. The last sentence of the first paragraph and the first sentence of the second paragraph appear to contradict each other. What could be the reason for the change in the decision?

3. Why did the author get into debt? Think of some possible reasons.

4. Why was the author reluctant to carry his own luggage? What would you do if you were in the author's place?

5. The author feared that the whole world would laugh at him if he carried the trunk. Was the fear imaginary or real? Give reasons for your answer.

6. Choose one sentence from the story that best expresses the author's false prestige. Support your answer with details from the story.

7. What does the phrase 'opposite directions' in the last sentence suggest?

8. How was the story told? Were the events narrated in the order in which they had happened? Spot the sentences where the course of narration changed its directions. How effective was it?

II. Write the number of the paragraph that gives the stated information in each of the following sentences.

1. The author enjoyed his married life.

2. The author tried to convince himself that he had not done anything wrong.

3. The author was ashamed of making his father carry his trunk.

4. The author looks at himself and his father as two travellers taking two different roads.

III. The following statements are false. Correct them.

1. The author offered to carry the trunk for some time.

2. The author could decide on whether to allow his father to carry the trunk or not.

3. The author took unpaid leave.

4. The father was not happy with the old shoes his son gave him.

Vocabulary:

I. Look at these words from the story:

1. newly-wed wife 2. bus stop 3. forehead

They are all compound words. A compound word is a union of two or more words to convey a unit idea or special meaning that is not as clearly or quickly conveyed by separated words. As shown above, compound words may be hyphenated, written open (as separate words), or written solid (closed). The use of compounding in English is an evolving process.

As expressions become more popular or adopt special meanings, they follow a gradual evolution from two or more separate or hyphenated words to single words.

audio visual	audio-visual	audiovisual
copy editor	copy-editor	copyeditor
wild life	wild-life	wildlife

The words in the first, second and third columns are called 'open compounds', 'hyphenated compounds' and 'closed compounds' respectively. In this unit we focus on hyphenated compounds.

A hyphenated compound is a combination of words joined by a hyphen or hyphens. Here, the hyphen aids understanding and readability and ensures correct pronunciation. Words are hyphenated mainly to express the idea of a unit and to avoid ambiguity.

A. Pick out all the compound words from the story and group them under the headings as explained above.

B. Fill in the blanks to make hyphenated compound words. Refer to a dictionary and get the meaning. Write a few sentences using them appropriately.

C. Fill in the blanks with the missing parts of compound words.

Kedarnath lived in Uttarakhand. Due to heavy rains, his village was hit by floods. His newly ______ house fell down and he became ______ less. The Chief Minister visited all the ______ hit villages and announced immediate help. However, Kedarnath lost his self ______ and tried to commit suicide by jumping into the flooded river. Some brave and ______ hearted people rescued him risking their lives. They told their stories too. Someone had lost his ______ wedded wife, and someone else had lost all his family members. One of them offered him a ______ collar job. It required him to carry rice bags. But he could not carry even a 20 ______ bag, so he asked for a ______ job. But no such jobs were available. One of them suggested ______ employment scheme. But Kedarnath had no money. One day as he was walking on the pebble ______ road, he found some ______ plated idols and jewellery in a box.

II. Look at the word 'dilly-dally'from the text. This is a reduplicative word. The words super-duper and bye bye are also reduplicative words. But they belong to different categories shown below:

1. Duplicative type: Here, the first part of the word is repeated without any change. Eg. bye bye

2. Alliterative type: Here, the two parts have the same consonants but different vowels. Eg. dilly-dally, chit-chat

3. Rhyming type: Here, the second word starts with a different consonant but rhymes with the first part. Eg. super-duper

A. Look at the following reduplicatives carefully and put them under proper headings in the table given below.

Reduplicatives are used in a variety of ways. Some simply imitate sounds: ding¬dong, bow-wow. Some suggest alternative movements: flip-flop, ping-gong. And some intensify meaning: teeny-weeny(very small), tip-top(very good).

Find the meanings of the words you like and use them in your own sentences. You will find similar words in your language too. For example, in Telugu, we have words like chi-chi, pho-pho, kaadu-kaadu, tara-tama, taado-pedo, pilla-jella, auto-ito. Give some examples from your language. Don't they sound musical?

B. Answer each of the following questions using a reduplicative word.

1. What does the clock say?

2. What does the school bell say?

3. How does the rain drop?

4. What does the dog say'?

5. How do you laugh?

Comment on the use of the simple past tense / past perfect tense (as illustrated above) in the following sentences. Identify the tense and give reasons for the use of the tense used.

1. I had come home this time round for a special purpose: to get married, My parents had arranged my marriage according to the customs of our tribal society.

2. Time flew, and five months into my marriage I realized it.

3. But after some dilly-dallying I finally decided against it because marriage had increased my responsibilities and I had got into debt.

4. On my way home from the bus stop my trunk had been carried by a porter. (para 3)

5. A large crowd gathered at our place the day I was to leave. People had come to wish me luek. (para6)

6. Father was quiet for some time. He thoughtfully looked at the sun for a moment, and then his eyes fell on the can of home-made wine that I was carrying. (para 9)

7. I gave him the can of wine. He poured himself a mug and handed me the can, He drank all of it at one go. He then arranged the belt that was attached to the trunk carefully on his forehead. (para 10)

8. I had never got used to physical labour having stayed in hostels right from my childhood. (para 11)

9. His feet had developed cracks and somehow resembled those of an elephant. (para 14)

10. I noticed this for the first time. I hadn't noticed that the road was uneven. (para 14)

11. I checked my wallet and saw I still had around Rs.40 with me. (para 14)

12. I then took out my pair of leather shoes from the trunk, and noticed my father's face lighting up with contentment. (para 15)

13. I saw that the road we had come by looked like a giant motionless rope. (para 16) 14. He stopped his business after he became old.

15. I never ate 'haleem' before I visited Hyderabad.

Writing -

1. In the story 'The Journey' the author says ".... my education had made me shun physical labour". This is an adverse effect of education. Now write an essay on 'The Adverse Effects of Education'. Here are some points:

Effect on

• doing some work that involves physical labour
• dress 1 fashion
• family relationships
• giving respect to elders
• the treatment of illiterate people.

Attachment:- Assignment File.rar