Differences between the innate and adaptive immune systems

Reference no: EM133576667

Assignment;:

• The major types of pathogens (viruses, intra- and extra-cellular bacteria, fungi, and parasites) and their methods of infection (e.g., intracellular vs. extracellular).

• The differences between the innate and adaptive immune systems in terms of their specificity, their timing of activation, the cells and molecules involved in each, their mechanisms of activation and the receptors involved in activation, what kind of molecules these receptors recognize, and their capacity for immune memory.

• The differences between humoral and cellular immunity and the types of pathogens that each is capable of targeting. Understanding which branch of the Innate and Adaptive immune systems are part of humoral vs. cellular immunity.

• All of the major types of immune effector cells and what their function is in the immune system. This includes the innate effector cells, e.g. macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells as well as the adaptive immune cells, e.g. B cells, plasma cells (antibody secretion), cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) and helper T cells (CD4+).

• How all immune effector cells are generated by hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Which lineage (myeloid or lymphoid) each immune effector cell come from?

• All of the major types of humeral immune effector proteins and what their function is in the immune system. This includes innate humoral mechanisms, e.g. the complement cascade. This also includes the adaptive immune effector proteins known as antibodies.

• The process of clonal expansion of B cells and T cells: you need to understand the purpose of both the positive and negative selection processes. You need to understand where clonal selection and activation of B cells and T cells is occurring (secondary lymphoid organs) and how this process is activated (interaction with antigens).

• Understanding the parts of an antibody/B cell receptor and what role these structural elements play in the immune response. Similarly, understanding the parts of the T Cell receptor, what molecules it needs to interact with, and which cells express these molecules. Comparing and contrasting antigen recognition mechanisms for T cells and B cells.

• Understanding how B cell receptor and T cell receptor diversity is generated through V(D)J recombination and the significance of this recombination for the function of the receptors and the type of antigens that they can bind.

Reference no: EM133576667

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