Reference no: EM132565573
1. What is the difference between local and hormonal signaling?
2. Be able to explain paracrine and synaptic signaling.
3. Know and be able to explain the three stages of cell signaling.
4. What is a ligand?
5. Be able to list and describe the major types of signal receptors (G-protein-linked, tyrosine kinase-
linked, ion channel, and intracellular).
6. Know how each of the above receptors functions to activate a cellular response.
7. Know and understand how signal transduction pathways function:
a. phosphorylation cascade
b. Role of second messengers? cAMP, calcium, inositol triphospahte (IP3)
8. Be able to explain why cytoplasmic cellular responses are faster than nuclear responses.
9. Be prepared to describe how signal transduction leads to cellular responses in the cytoplasm and
the nucleus.
9. How are amplification, specificity, efficiency, and termination generated in cell signaling?
10. Understand apoptosis and how it is regulated.