Reference no: EM131848481

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IoT Interoperability and Standardization

The Internet of Things (IoT) phenomena has grown increasingly more prevalent in our lives as the cost of the technologies behind it decrease and become more accessible. New items and devices are constantly being added to the IoT framework, creating more and more data with each passing day. This organically maturing technology faces many challenges, due in part to its accelerated and undirected growth.

One such challenge is the lack of interoperability and standardization of communication and cooperation amongst IoT devices and platforms, which impairs cross-domain knowledge due to "heterogeneity of data" (Shi, Li, Zhu, and Ning, 2018, p 1). This communication challenge stymies the widescale adoption and realization of the global IoT ecosystem (Ganzha, Paprzycki, Pawlowshi, Szmeja, and Wasielewska, 2018, p. 103).

There are many potential paths forward to overcoming these sorts of communication issues. Semantic solutions have been discussed, including Data Semantization, which focuses on standardization of mark-ups and meta data for more direct processing of data. (Shi et al., 2018), and Ontologies, which focus on the storage of knowledge (Ganzha et al., 2018).

System synergistic architecture solutions have been introduced, including hardware, firmware, and "Person-where" (Anderson, Fierro, and Culler, 2017). Opportunistic mobile gateways have also been discussed, specifically as it applies to the smart phone (Aloi et al., 2017).

There are many potential solutions to the challenges of cooperative collaboration between IoT devices being proposed in current research.

There is no doubt however, that the need is real to find a solution which increases the interoperability of IoT technologies.

Purpose Statement

The purpose of this research is to survey the current methods and strategies for creating, expanding, and standardizing interoperability amongst IoT devices and platforms.

Research Worthy Problem Statement

Internet of Things technologies are being created and adopted on a global scale, without "specific central technical coordination and control" (Aloi et al., 2017, p 75).

This lack of centralized authority and standardization, compounded with the typical high-degree of heterogeneity amongst IoT concepts (devices, protocols, data and semantics, etc), creates a situation rife with integration and communication issues (Aloi et al., 2017, p. 75).

The implementation of a successful standardization of interoperability amongst IoT devices could potentially reduce the impact of IoT data silos as the technology continues to mature (Shi et al., 2018). Additional benefits of such standardization would include the promotion of smoother communication and cooperation between IoT technologies, allowing for a more fully realized global IoT infrastructure and ecosystem (Ganzha et al., 2018).

Significance and Relevance

A great advantage and power of the IoT movement is the very fact that it is a collection of a wide range of individual sensors and devices, connected to one another to perform something grander than any individual node alone could accomplish.

Unfortunately, the very nature of this sort of setup leads to the interoperability and integration challenges listed above.

Solutions for these challenges can come from many domains, perhaps even a combination of previously unconnected domains.

A survey of these domains, and the current trends of research within them provides a larger base of potential solutions, potentially providing synergy to the research process in general.