Reference no: EM133006150

CHC33015 KNOWLEDGE & CASE STUDIES VERSION

1 a Describe Individualised plan (care plan) in your own words (50-100 words)?

b. List at least 10 activities where we use Individualized plan while providing support to the person?

c. Describe in your own words what is the definition of the term "Job role" or "Job description"? (50-100 words)

2. Describe the basic principles of each of these practices/ approaches that can be used to underpin individualised support planning and delivery. (50-100 words/each)

a Person-centred practice or approach

b Strengths-based practice.

c Active support.

d Rights-based approaches

e Empowerment

f Self-advocacy

g Active listening

h Social justice, and the importance of knowing and respecting each person as an individual

i Community inclusion and best practice examples

j Consumer directed care for healthy ageing

3 Outline the roles and responsibilities (including communication) of each of these people in terms of providing individualised support. (50-100 words/each)
a Carers and families.

b Person being supported.

c Health professionals.

d Individual workers.

e Supervisors.

4 Conduct independent research to identify five factors that affect people requiring support. (Hint: The Department of Social Services website has information about the experience of people with disabilities and their families in Australia.)

5 Describe two practices that support skill maintenance and development of the person with a Disability. (150-200 words)

6 List three indicators of unmet needs and identify a way of responding to each unmet need.

7 CASE STUDY: Your client (Mrs. Mavis Gatto) has been living in aged / Disability care facility since 2012, She is elderly, frail, and Also her short term memory is not good due to dementia. Today is Sunday morning and you are working in the same area with your work mate, where Mrs. Mavis Gatto lives in Room 7 and she is going to church with her daughter (She prefers to go with her Son). Today her daughter arrived 30min earlier to pick her up. You are providing assistant to Client with transfer from Room to Vehicle after delivering ADL to Mavis.

a Identify two activities when you get to confirm the information from the individualised plan and confirm that information with the person, other support worker and family? (50-100 words)

b Based on the case study, identify activity when you require to seek support from another person and from who and how you get an assistant? (50-100 words)

c What information will you collect from the Individualised plan in regards to transferring activities from room to vehicle? (50-100 words)

d Identify the task when you are offering an opportunity to make their own decision in regards to the support activity by promoting maximum independence. (50-100 words)

e Based on the case study, please identify the area of individualised plan can be reviewed and to whom and how you will contact for this modification (if required)? (50-100 words)

8 A person's physical situation can have serious effects on their well-being. What signs might there be that this is occurring and why should it be reported? 150-200 words

9 List eight indications that a client is experiencing pain. How is this likely to affect their well-being and to whom would you report this? 200 words

10 CASE STUDY: You have been asked to administer medication to a client as a part of implementing their individualised plan. This is outside the scope of your job role but enrolled nurse on duty is asking you to take on this responsibility anyway. Should you carry out this task? If not then how and where you will report this action and what type of documentation you will complete. Explain your response (300-500 words).

11 List 10 possible hazards/ risks support workers might identify in their workplace and how to report according to organizational procedures?

12 CASE STUDY: Tom's wife died one year ago. She was 83 and he is now 87. His only income is from the aged pension. He does not cook but is happy to make sandwiches for himself, although he says he has no appetite and does not really want to eat.
He also feels very apathetic about his house, which is not very clean, is dark, untidy and cluttered. The house is old and has wooden floors covered with mats. It is very cold in winter.

Tom no longer drives a car and he is not very steady on his feet. This means that he spends most of his time at home, watching TV and reading.

He has a small garden and he likes to spend time out there, but he can no longer maintain the lawn and finds weeding the garden difficult.

How can you support and assist Tom to maintain a safe and healthy environment which leads to healthy life style? (Note: Before determining what sort of support Tom might require it will be necessary to conduct appropriate hazard identifications and make reports, following organisational procedures).

Describe at least 5 support strategies you could implement on his behalf and with his agreement. 300-320 words

13 Give five examples of rights that your client has. If a client has a right to complaint, what is a suggested/recommended complaint procedure?

14 What is the difference between legislation and ethics? (50-60 words)

15 Write a short definition for the term self-determination.

16 Briefly explain the differences between policies, procedures and protocols (30-50 words).

17 Give a brief outline of every legal and ethical requirement mentioned below and how these are applied in an organisation and individual practice.

Note: Your explanation should cover service preparation, service delivery, communication and cultural diversity; also consider service delivery in disability sector as well. (50-100 words/each)

a Human rights

b Duty of care

c Dignity of risk

d Discrimination

e Privacy, confidentiality and disclosure

f Work role boundaries - responsibilities and limitations

g Mandatory reporting

h Work health and safety

i Infection control

18 Conduct independent research to determine the legal and ethical factors (international, national, state, territory and local) that need to be considered regarding discrimination, human rights and rights and responsibilities of workers, employers and clients. When researching, consider the relationship between human needs and human rights and the frameworks, approaches and instruments used in the workplace.
Explain the impact of these factors on individual workers and explain the likely consequences of:
• breaches of discrimination legislation
• infringement of human rights including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
• not supporting client, worker and employer rights and responsibilities in the workplace

19 Give a brief outline of every legal and ethical requirement mentioned below and explain how they impact to health care industry? (50-100 words/each)
a Children in the workplace

b Codes of conduct

c Codes of practice

d Complaints management

e Continuing professional education

f Informed consent

g Policy frameworks

h Records management

i Rights and responsibilities of workers, employers and clients

j Industrial relations legislation relevant to employment conditions of role

k Practice standards

l Practitioner/client boundaries

m Abuse

n Constraint

o imprisonment

p Negligence

20 Define relationship between human needs and human rights.

21 Describe three measures organisation can use to protect client information stored electronically. (150-180 words)

22 Define the terms below and give an example of each: (50-100 words/each)
• Social differences
• Cultural differences
• Spiritual differences.
How can you maintain respect of these differences while serving to clients with disability and other clients/residents?

23 Why must staff avoid imposing their own values or attitudes on clients? 200 words

24 The client's stage of life, development and strengths must be assessed when engaging in support activities. In 200-250 words explain why.

25 CASE STUDY: Ray is an older man with a physical disability, living in an aged care facility. He recently became emotionally involved with Beth, a younger female resident in the same facility. Beth was widowed one year ago and has four children and ten grandchildren. Ray has been alone most of his life.

Ray and Beth would like to have a sexual relationship, believing that it is part of an expression of their personal identity and their emotional involvement, but they are constrained by the fact that they live in a care facility and they think that some of the workers would not approve.
What is meant by expressions of personal identity and sexuality, why is it important and how might Ray and Beth be supported?

Also explain how your actions will support to their emotional and psychological wellbeing? 200 -300 words

26 CASE STUDY: Mary is an 85-year-old woman with hearing impairment who uses a wheelchair. Mary has become a client of the community services organisation you work for as a support worker. You are concerned for her physical and mental well-being.

One of her recreational interests is swimming, and one of her social interests is educational groups. She regularly participated in both before entering the facility. She retains all her mental capabilities and the swimming was an excellent way for a woman using a wheelchair to be able to exercise.

She enjoyed watching soccer games on television, reading books and used to attend the local church each Sunday.

How can these interests that contribute to both mental and physical wellbeing be supported? 250 words

27 What are the benefits of exercise? (50-100 words)

28 Give examples of the different ways that you can assist a client to identify opportunities to utilise their strengths and Why is it essential to communicate the importance of using the available support to clients?

29 CASE STUDY: Michelle, who is 27 years old is addicted to alcohol. During the initial appointment Michelle tells you she wants information about treatment options but is worried about her family finding out she has a problem.

a How will you determine the information that will be useful to Michelle? What questions might you ask her? 130-150 words

b What information would you give her?

30 CASE STUDY: Jack is a 38-year-old married man with a young family. He was recently diagnosed with chronic arthritis which will affect both his hands and feet.
This signals the eventual demise of his career as a niche market toy-maker because making his toys requires intricate wood-working skills.
Jack is on medication to help control the pain, and he needs to make some important decisions regarding coping with what is going to be increasing debilitation.
Jack is very concerned about self-managing his own service delivery so that he does not lose his independence.
Explain in approx. 500 words how you could support this and what and to whom you report and discuss for Jack's healthy lifestyle.

31 What does a healthy lifestyle involve and Give examples of the ways that you can promote and encourage daily living habits that will contribute to your clients' healthy lifestyle.

32 Why is it important to report any identified variations in a person's physical condition? 160-200 words

33 a Provide five examples of what trust is.

b Look at the list of behaviours. Identify four behaviours that you would use to generate a trusting relationship. Indicate your choices by placing a cross in the corresponding boxes.

34 Why it is important to review Individualised plan before using any available equipment? (50- 150 words)

35 How do you monitor your own work to meet the required standards? (50-100 words)

36 How do you involve the client in discussions regarding their care? (50-100 words)

37 Does an individualised plan need review? If yes, what are the indicators of a plan that needs further discussions? (50-100 words)

38 Who can participate in discussion about individualised plan to support a person's self- determination? (50-100 words)

39 a List four responsibilities of workers with regard to documentation and reporting requirements.

b Provide two examples of documentation care worker used on daily support activities according to organisation policy and protocols and Identify different types of filing system used in your workplace.

c State five standard organisational practices related to the storing of documents.

d List four workplace documents workers can read to find out more about their role. Write a short paragraph to explain the purpose of each document. And How can workers clarify their understanding of their job role?

40 CASE STUDY: You are working for your client Valda (client name) and her daughter is coming tomorrow to pick her up for the lunch. If you getting an opportunity to write an email to Valda's daughter to the confirm the time she is coming to pick her up then how you will write this email and how you will make sure to maintain privacy of the content you are sharing with Valda's daughter?

41 a Why do workplaces have policies about how to use technology (digital media) responsibly?

b Match these topics from responsible use of IT policies in the word-bank with their correct example.

42 Communicate with normal and dementia people from diverse backgrounds and situations
a List three attributes of both verbal and non-verbal communication. (50-100 words)

b Why should you demonstrate respect in your communications at work with your colleagues, Clients from different cultural backgrounds in the health and community services? (50-100 words)

c Give an example of a situation at work where you have communicated service information to another person. Give details of the communication and how would you make the information clear so this could be understood. (50-100 words)

d How can you confirm a person has understood you? Provide four examples of actions you can take.

e How to clarify meaning of received information during conversation with your clients (50-100 words)

f What factors should Ingrid consider in order to respond appropriately when communicating with an elder person? (50-100 words)

g What precautions can you take to ensure confidentiality is kept during verbal communication? Provide three examples.

h Briefly describe a situation where you have exchanged information in the workplace. Provide details of the timeframes and the confidentiality requirements that were needed.

43 While you are working for the person you are caring and your colleagues:

a What information should you retain when receiving instructions? Provide three examples.

b What information should you write down when receiving a message? Provide four examples.

d What type of information might be included in each of these communication protocols? (150 words in total)
• Telephone protocols.
• Written correspondence protocols.
• Privacy.

e How can workers check that they are using industry terminology correctly? (45-60 words)

44 Difficulties in communication

a Identify three difficulties that you may experience at work and explain how you would deal with each or Seek assistance from interpreters or other persons according to communication needs and report them.

b Identify three common barriers to communication and write a short paragraph to describe each barrier and what workers can do to overcome them. (Max 180 words in total)?

c Give an example of a situation at work or home where you have successfully defused and resolved an issue of conflict.

45 How communication matters in reporting (50-100 words)

a To whom can workers report difficulties with complying with legal and ethical responsibilities and how can they do this? (50-70 words)

b What is meant by the phrase breach of legislation? Give three examples of breaches of legislation and explain what workers should do in the first instance if they discover a breach. (150 words)

c To whom can workers refer breaches and other issues to if they do not feel comfortable talking to their supervisor about them? List a minimum of three internal and three external options.

d How can workers refer unresolved conflict situations to their supervisors? (140-160 words)

e What assistance could workers expect to get from their supervisors in terms of resolving conflicting situations? (50-75 words)

46 How we can contribute in ongoing improvement at our work place

a There have been a number of complaints made from clients about the cleanliness of a premise where you are a healthcare assistant. Floors are unclean, waste is building up, and infection rates among residents are high.
Outline how you would promote changes to practices and procedures in the workplace. Suggest at least two actions.

b You are working in a dementia ward of aged care home. You are struggling with managing a resident / client who start displaying aggressive behaviour in day to day activities, and now you want to improve your knowledge in terms of dementia management skills.
Briefly outline how you would consult with your manager about options for accessing skill development opportunities. Identify at least two types of skill development options.

47 a How would you seek feedback for developing your skills and knowledge at work and who would you seek this from?

48 a Why is it important for all working people in healthcare industry to reflect on their own social and cultural perspectives and biases? (Max 200 words)

b How can a person's awareness of their own limitations s help them improve their own self and social awareness? List two things they might do.

c How you can use the results of your personal reflection to ensure that your work is inclusive and understanding of others.

d List three ways you can improve yourself and your social awareness.

49 a What are some of the benefits of diversity in the workplace? Give at least five examples.

b How can you respect diversity in all areas of work? Give at least three examples

c What does the behaviour of someone who values and respects inclusiveness look like?

d Give three examples of inclusive principles.

e Each person in the workplace should contribute to the development of work and professional relationships that support workplace diversity. In approximately 350 words describe, in detail, a number of strategies that could be followed to encourage respect for diversity and inclusiveness

50 When dealing across diverse groups

a Identify three issues that may cause communication difficulties and explain how you can overcome them.

b When communication misunderstandings or other difficulties occur, why should you consider the impact of social and cultural diversity?

c How can you sensitively resolve diverse communication difficulties when you encounter them? In 100-200 words, provide a written summary of your ideas. How you will seek assistance if unable to communicate with client with different cultural background?

51 When we are working legally and ethically

a Outline five types of common legal issues relevant to the workplace. (50-100 words)

b Give a brief overview of the Australian legal system.

c Any two types of laws of Australian legal system? Give examples of each.

d Explain how you would identify the scope and nature of your own legal responsibilities and the scope of your role.

e How is duty of care enshrined in law? How does it relate to negligence? (50-100 words)

f How can you ensure that competence is maintained in the workplace? (50-100 words)

g What steps does your organisation take to maintain confidentiality? (50-100 words)

h How is confidentiality protected by law? (50-100 words)

i Why is it important to seek client agreement before providing services? What strategies can you use to involve clients in decisions?

52 Imagine you have discovered that a colleague has leaked details about a famous patient to the press, concerning the details of their condition and their treatment.
How would you proceed in this scenario?

53 Let's discuss about ethical responsibilities
a How will you identify and access sources of information about the scope and nature of your ethical responsibilities in a particular workplace? (100 words)

b What are the rights of the client? Outline one of these rights in detail. (50-100 words)

c What are values, attitudes and stereotypes? (50-100 words)

d How can you be culturally sensitive? (50-100 words)

e What are your organisational policies and procedures on disclosure and confidentiality?

f Which information should be kept confidential and how can you ensure it is kept as such?

g List 5 situations which might be constituted ethical issues, with regard to worker and client interactions.

h With regard to interactions between staff members, and co-workers and their workplace, list 5 situations which might constitute an ethical dilemma.

i If you recognise a potential ethical issue what action could you take?

j How workers can prevent their own values and attitudes from impacting negatively on what they do?

k What are the eight steps for an effective strategy for making an ethical decision?

l What is unethical conduct? And Who should you report unethical conduct to?

m Define a conflict of interest. How can you manage a conflict of interest?

54 Workplace improvements

a List 5 ways in which workers can contribute to workplace improvements that will support continuing compliance with legal and ethical responsibilities.

b List at least 5 procedural areas - situations where work practices could be improved to meet legal and ethical responsibilities - that might come under consideration when an organisation is looking at improvement opportunities.

55 Human body systems:

a Identify the major body organs?

b Pick any five human body systems and explain their functions?

c Why is it necessary for health workers to use and understand accepted health terminology?

d From your own understanding and research Please pick two human body systems and explain interrelationships between major components?

56 Discussion about support healthy functioning of the body

a How does the body protect itself from infection?

b Explain about active and passive Physical activities?

57 Which human body system is related to and how?

a Maintenance of body temperature (50-100 words)

b Fluid and electrolyte (including PH) balance (50-100 words)

c Elimination of wastes from the body (50-100 words)

d Maintenance of blood pressure (50-100 words)

58 How does the skeletal, muscular, cardiovascular and respiratory system co-operate to allow the body to function properly and enable movement?

59 As a group discussion:
Within the learning group, participate in a group discussion (under the direction of the assessor) on one of the following body systems. All learners should participate equally in sharing their knowledge and demonstrating their understanding of the chosen system. Based on collected information and your understanding describe any one of body system into your own words. ( Maximum 500 words)
• Cells, tissues and organs
• Cardiovascular system
• Respiratory system
• Musculo-skeletal system
• Endocrine system
• Digestive system
• Urinary system
• Reproductive system
• Integumentary system
• Lymphatic system
• Nervous system, including sensory systems - eye and ear
• The special senses - smell, taste, vision, equilibrium and hearing
• Immune system.

60 Which processes, conditions and resources does the body utilise to maintain healthy functioning, and why are these important? Your answer must include description of at least two forms of body regulation.

61 Imagine you are working in Aged care home,
• Identify a hazard can found in walkway during daily activities of living?
• Based of identification of hazard record risk assessment?
• Based on Risk assessment what next action you will take?
• What is organisation policy & procedures can be for this type of hazard and how you will implement into your practice?
• The person you will report and how you will report it?
• What documentation you will complete?

62 imagine You are working in special area care unit in an Aged care home and You come across a resident with aggressive behaviour:
• Do you consider her/her behaviour as a hazard?
• If yes how do you assess the risk?
• How do you minimise the risk level?
• Where you will report this incident?
• What documentation you will complete?

63 Safe work practices for manual handling
a List 5 things you can do to minimise risk from manual handling activities?

b Describe the correct method for manual lifting. (50-100 words)

c Pick a one Equipment related task from the list and Identify Manual Handling hazard report it in the line with workplace procedure and how you can minimise the risk for the future activities?
• Linen Skips
• Hoist Lifter
• Linen
• Bed Pan

64 Safe work practices for infection control
a List the benefits associated with:
• Washing hands
• Safe disposal of sharps
• Surface cleaning
• Management of bodily fluid spills
• Personal Protective Equipment
And how they contribute to the prevention of infection.

b Identify a situation in which you would be required to apply additional infection control procedures.
• Why is it needed?
• What would you do?

c How can you ensure that additional precautions are applied when required? Give an example of this.

65 CASE STUDY:
a Every time Tom cooks he seems to become ill with a stomach upset. Why could this be? How can he avoid getting ill when he cooks?

b Sophie seems to catch every sniffle and sneeze that is going in the building. Why could this be? How can she avoid catching everything?

c Andrew has caught head lice three times this year so far and is sure he is getting them from work, as each time he has caught them he has been doing overtime at another residential home. How could this be? What can he do to tackle this issue?

66 Safe work practices in the workplace: Give an example of how you can adhere to your requirements at work, in terms of your WHS responsibilities.
a For each of the following, give an example of how you could meet these requirements:
• Work safely
• Wear PPE where required
• Follow safety procedures and requirements
• Not destroy or compromise equipment and resources provided to them
• Not interfere with safety equipment
• Not act in a way that compromises the safety of yourself, colleagues, clients and the public
• Report WHS issues / hazards, etc.

b Identify three task or role-specific issues or concerns you could encounter and note who you would consult for help and why.

c What types of inspection are carried out in your workplace? How are you expected to follow up on areas of concern?

d This activity is about providing feedback to supervisors about hazards. What would you do if:
• You noticed that a hoist was broken?
• You noticed that water in the front porch was leaking into the hallway?
• You saw someone lifting something incorrectly?
• You identified that a resident had the flu?
• You thought a colleague might be intoxicated?
• You noticed that a door was hanging off its hinges? Who would you contact? And how?

67 Reflect on own safe work practices
a Identify any equipment that poses a risk in your workplace. What safety measures and precautions are in place to limit the risks associated with this equipment??

b Identify eight symptoms of stress and fatigue?

c Identify the primary purposes of workplace debriefing sessions?

68 Developing healthy relationships with older people

a What is the difference between enablers and disablers? Give three examples of each with your answer.

b Why should the person have shared responsibility for achieving better health outcomes? Provide at least five reasons.

69 Provide services to older people

a How would you identify services that could help to empower an older person living at home?

b What are attitudes? Provide at least one example

c What are values? Provide at least one example.

d Provide two examples of special needs when you adjust service according to the client's preferences?

70 The rights of older people

a Provide at least five examples of ways workers can deliver services ensuring the rights of older people are upheld.

b How would you respond if you witnessed or knew an older person's rights were being violated?

c Define elderly abuse. How can it be identified? What are your organisation's guidelines for responding to elderly abuse cases?

71 The health and re-ablement of older people
a What are the general physical changes associated with ageing?

b Other than the physical ones, what other changes affect the aged? What are their symptoms and impacts?

c Name four modifications and four aids that can help assist clients with independent living.

d What are the potential risks or situations of risk associated with ageing? (50-100 words)

e What different communication methods can you use to help elderly people identify situations of risk?

72 Provide support to those affected by dementia
a List six reasons why carers must familiarise themselves with the individualised plans for the people for whom they care.

b Why is it important to maintain a stable environment for people with dementia?

c How can you identify a person's needs for a stable and familiar environment?

d How can you address this in a residential environment?

e Address the needs for a stable and familiar environment for one person to whom you provide care and support

F In some cases people with dementia can be subjected to financial, physical or emotional abuse or neglect. List at least six signs of abuse and/or neglect.

g Who should a person witnessing signs of abuse or neglect report to and why? 20-40 words

73 CASE STUDY

a Write a script between a person living with dementia and their carer that continues from the given prompt. The script should demonstrate an example of a carer using a range of validation strategies to relieve distress and agitation in the person.

Write your script as a continuation of the below dialogue between Chloe, 85-years-old, and her carer. Your script should be no more than eight additional lines of dialogue.

Script prompt:
Chloe (Visibly distressed and agitated): Where's my bag? I need my bag! Carer: Your bag is missing?

74 CASE STUDY
a Create a plan for a reality orientation session. Detail what skills it aims to develop and who needs to be involved, as well as materials required.

b Bill, who has dementia, is quite agitated because his wife will not bring the children to see him anymore. You are aware that he is not married and has no children but he is fixed on this belief.

Why would it be a bad idea to try to use reality orientation in these circumstances? What should you do instead? Explain your answer. 30-50 words

75 a From the individualised plan of one of the people that you work with, create a plan to organize an activity which aims to maintain independence, using familiar routines and existing skills. If you do not have access to an individualised plan at this stage, one will be provided for you.

In your plan, outline your proposed activity and any resources or support that you will need. Provide an explanation for why you have proposed your suggested activity based on the individualised plan.

b From the individualised plan of one of the people that you work with, create a plan to organise an activity that is appropriate to the individual, reflecting their cultural likes and dislikes, in order to bring back pleasurable memories. If you do not have access to an individualised plan at this stage, one will be provided for you.

In your plan, outline your proposed activity and any resources or support that you will need. Provide an explanation for why you have proposed your suggested activity based on the individualised plan.

76 What are some of the common risks associated with people living with dementia?

77 a CASE STUDY: Beverley is an 87-year-old person living with dementia. She has always loved to cook, but is now unsteady on her feet and has a short attention span. Write a brief essay (200- 300 words) that discusses how the safety and comfort of Beverley can be ensured in a way that is balanced with autonomy and risk taking.

78 Domain Reminiscences important to the person
Routines important to the person
Health
Home/ accommodation
Community
Recreation
Leisure

79 What kinds of problems can affect carers, family or significant others? Give three examples.

80 The daughter of a person living with dementia is their primary carer. She is physically and emotionally exhausted from her role.
Give three examples of support and guidance you can provide. Where applicable, reference specific local or organisational sources of support.

81 The impact of behaviours of concern
a What behaviours are of a concern for those with dementia? List at least six behaviours.

b What situations or ‘triggers' can be responsible for behaviours of concern? List at least four possibilities.

c How should you not react to behaviours of concern?

d What types of matters might you discuss at a team discussion for someone with dementia? Create a draft agenda for such a meeting.

e Outline five psychosocial strategies and their methodology for minimising the likelihood and reducing the impact of behaviours on the person and others.

f List four strategies for dealing with aggressive behaviour.

g A client is exhibiting aggressive behaviour and threatening another client. What are your responsibilities in such a situation?

h One of your clients' stands up and strips off their clothes at random times throughout the day. The frequency of the incidents is increasing and it is distressing for some of the other clients. What can be done to alleviate the situation? 50-75 words

i Why is it important to evaluate implemented strategies with the support planning team? 70-80 words

82 Why are self-care strategies of getting enough sleep, maintaining a healthy diet and undertaking regular exercise important in managing stress? 50-75 words

83 Determine personal support requirements
a How would you support a client suffering from anxiety? (50-100 words)

b How can the cultural needs of an African client be considered when providing personal care? (25-50 words)

c List five of the equipments that might be used when showering a client.

d Which part of the client should staff wash first when bathing a client in bed?

e If a client is unsteady, when are the only times they need to be stood up when dressing or undressing?

f Write a short sentence describing a toileting aid and a continence aid.

g What sort of assistance might workers need to give a client who can eat using adapted cutlery but finds it too difficult to cut anything?

h Why should dentures be left out overnight in water?

i Identify a transfer device used for transferring a client into and out of a car.

j Name at least four professionals that you would have contact with regarding personal care.

k Identify an aspect of care provision that you could provide to a client.
• Identify the potential risks to the client.
• Identify the potential risk to the caregiver.

84 Maximise participation
a Why is it important for community care workers to confirm procedures and preferences with the client before undertaking the procedure? (100-150 words)

b In a short paragraph explain how a support worker might consider and confirm a client's level of participation in meeting their personal care needs.

c Identify three different types of information a client may need to help them meet their own care needs.
• Where would you source each from?

85 Provide personal support
a How can staff assess risk when providing support or assistance? (40-80 words)

b Identify five potentially difficult areas of client service delivery.

c Who are some people that workers could seek assistance and support from? List six.

d Identify a possible change that could be made to a process or aid used in your workplace. Suggest three ways in which you could identify this particular need.

86 If a client with early onset dementia wants to cook themselves a meal, how might their worker provide support and assistance given the risk of the client burning themselves or leaving food on the stove for too long? (50 words)

87 Include carers and family members as part of the support team
a Why is it important to confirm with a supervisor the role of the carer in their family member's life? (50-75 words)

b How can you support the carer's relationship with the person with support needs?

c What useful knowledge might the carer have about the person with support needs?

d What knowledge and skills might the carer have?

e Think about your own skills and knowledge; how could the carer's complement yours?

f Why is important to involve carers and families in the design and delivery of a person's support services?

g Part of designing and delivering support services involves planning daily activities. Give examples of these activities.

88 CASE STUDY: Jessie is the carer of James, her 25-year-old son with intellectual and physical disabilities and mental health issues. Jessie worked for 15 years as a social worker, but gave up her career when James was born and has been caring for him ever since. James is an outgoing young man, but he needs daily assistance with personal care, dressing, medication, meal preparation, transport, appointments and financial issues. Up until recently Jessie provided all the care for James, but Jessie's health has deteriorated and she now needs the assistance of support workers on a daily basis. Jessie has painful arthritis which is restricting her movements.
In a short paragraph for each, answer the questions
a Give examples of knowledge and skills that Jessie might possess that could complement the role of a support worker involved in the care of James.

b Taking into account Jessie's health issues, what might be identified and confirmed with the supervisor regarding job function boundaries that indicate respect for Jessie's role as James' carer?

c Identify possible needs that Jessie might have that could impact on James and would therefore need to be confirmed with a supervisor.

89 CASE STUDY: Daniel is a 65-year-old man who suffers from Alzheimer's disease. Since his diagnosis, he has been cared for by his daughter, Joanne. However, since his condition has worsened, Daniel recognises Joanne less frequently, and when she tries to help him to carry out daily tasks, he has begun to express anger and has been verbally abusive.
Due to the change in Daniel's personality, Joanne no longer feels capable of caring for her father full-time and requires consistent, professional help. As a result, Joanne has decided to move her father from his home to a supported residential setting. Of course, this means that Daniel and Joanne will be spending less time together.
Although they will be spending less time together, Joanne wants to put a routine in place regarding her visits. The main reason she is doing this it to provide Daniel with consistency in the hope that he will remember when she is coming to visit. The key thing that Joanne wants to prevent from happening is her father forgetting who she is completely, and whilst this is a possibility, she believes that consistency will prolong his memory.
Identify two changes to the care relationship between Daniel and Joanne.

90 a Choose one strategy that you would support a person, their carer and their family in using to maximise the positive aspects of change and transition. Why would you use it and how would it
help?

b In order to support carers, families and friends to maximise their ongoing support and involvement in the life of a person, what should you ask yourself?

c Outline a way you have supported carer, family member or friend to maximise their support and involvement in a person's life. What did you do? Why did you do it? What effect did it have?

91 Explain briefly:
• Identify aspects of a carer's role that should be reported to a supervisor because of the negative impact it could have on their own needs and preferences. (50-75 words)
• How could a service provider support the carer (in the above example) to achieve positive lifestyle outcomes that reflect their needs and preferences? (50-75 words)

• Describe the services and resources provided by a carer support organisation. (100-150 words)

92 Outline issues that can have an impact on a carer and outline the impacts these issues can have on a carer?

93 How can the client (to the extent agreed by the client) and their carer, be included in the planning activities of the individualised support plan? (75 words)

94 How might you confirm the purpose and time of visit with the relevant person?
95 Establish relationship in the home
a What are your organisation's procedures to assure the person of your identity before entering the house?

b Why is it important to always show ID before entering a client's house and how could it protect the client?

c List possible concerns the client might have in relation to a home visit and explain how you might be able to encourage the client to express their views

d How can you engage appropriately with others in the place of residence? What sort of things should you be aware of when engaging different people?

96 CASE STUDY: You attend the home of Mario, a 92-year-old male with advanced state dementia. Upon entering, Mario begins yelling and picks up an ornament and throws it in your direction.
a What would you do? (50-75 words)

b What are some possible reasons Basil might be behaving in a difficult or challenging way? (25 words)

c How could you diplomatically suggest person's preferences for quality of life choices to Mario that his behaviour is inappropriate? (25 words)

d List 5 verbal strategies can be employed when dealing with angry or abusive clients?
97 Apply principals and aims of a palliative approach when supporting individuals
a What types of matters need to be addressed in holistic care? Why is each matter important?

b Describe (100-120 words) why family roles and relationships in the life of the person with support needs might be important.

c Why is it important to confirm with a supervisor the role of the carer in their family member's life? (80-100 words)

d Name five methods that can be used for the identification of pain and discomfort.

e Write a paragraph on the means of reporting pain and discomfort. Include details specific to your organisation if possible.

f Write a paragraph on the ways of involving and showing respect for family members during the care process.

g Detail five duties that family members may assume responsibility for in the care environment.

98 What are the effective communication skills required in palliative care? How does empathic/active listening play a part in determining the needs of the client?

99 The person's advance care directives in the care plan
a What is an Advance Care Directive and in what situation will it be used?

b How changing needs and issues should be reported and documented at the end of life?

c What impact might the client's end-of-life needs have on the carer?

d If a carer is experiencing stress, who should they be reported to?

e How can carers support elderly individuals to make choices about suitable end-of-life locations?

100 The signs of pain and other symptoms in palliative care
a What is the palliative care team's role in observing and documenting pain and other symptoms in clients?

b What areas of comfort need to be accounted for in palliative care?

c What is continuous improvement and how can it be used to evaluate the implemented strategies?

d What are some of the misconceptions associated with approaches to pain relief and comfort? Give five examples and clear up the myths.

101 The end-of-life care strategies in Palliative care
a Why is it important to check the care plan for the duration that an elderly individual is under your care?

b What support systems need to be in place for clients, families, carer, and families?

c Why hydration and nutrition requirements are a divisive issue and what may affect decisions?

d What is dignity and how should it be maintained during end-of-life care and immediately after death?

e Outline five symptoms of deterioration.

f What is debriefing? Who should be debriefed and in what situation?

102 How to manage own emotional responses and ethical issues
a What are your organisation's policies and procedures for managing emotional responses and ethical issues?

b What emotional responses to death and dying may exist and how might these be dealt with through support systems?

c What ethical principles should guide you in decision making?

d Identify five strategies that may be used to limit the impact of personal responses on self.

e Name four types of support available for care home staff who are experiencing bereavement.

103 The skills assessment is important in disability support
a How can staff observe a client's skills and competencies, in a manner that respects the client's rights and dignity?

b Other than the person with a disability, who else might be engaged in the skills assessment process? Provide six examples.

c What does recording observations accurately and objectively mean? (75-125 words)

104 CASE STUDY: Melinda is a 34-year-old woman with an intellectual disability. When Melinda came to live in a residential home two months ago, it was stated in her care plan that she needed assistance with all personal care including dressing. However, staff has noted that with encouragement and with the teaching of personal care skills, Melinda has been becoming increasingly independent, and she is now able to assist with her bathing, clean her teeth independently, and dress herself with assistance. However, after every visit home, Melinda reverts to being dependent for a day or two.

a What information should staff provide to the supervisor and why?

b What is the purpose of a review of Melinda's skills and competencies? (40-60 words)

c If Melinda became ill, how might this impact on her skills development and maintenance? (1-2 sentences)

105 Ongoing skills development
a Identify three resources to complement the strengths of a determined, intelligent, capable client with physical disabilities that makes it difficult for them to manage conventional cutlery and cups, and difficult for them to sit up unaided in bed.

b Identify five communication techniques, resources and devices that might be used to meet some clients' communication needs.

106 CASE STUDY: Michael, a 40-year-old man with multiple sclerosis (MS) has recently moved into a group home because his care needs have increased to a point where Michael was feeling too much of a burden for his ageing parents. Prior to developing MS, Michael was a builder, a keen fisherman on weekends, and had a strong interest in American Indian spirituality. Michael is an independent, capable person with a positive attitude to life. He now uses a wheelchair to mobilise during the day and he needs some assistance with personal care and cooking, but he can still dress
himself and feed himself.
a How can staff encourage Michael to identify his strengths? (40-60 words)

b Why should staff acknowledge Michael as his own expert? (1-2 sentences)

c Michael expresses a desire to attend a course about American Indian Spirituality. How might staff mobilise his strengths to achieve this goal? Provide three examples.

107 What factors might you consider when giving feedback? Provide at least four factors.

108 What difficulties might you encounter when implementing a skills and development plan?

109 a Why can engagement in skills development activities be a problem when working with people with disabilities? (1 sentence)

b You are trying to teach Matthew, a client who has autism spectrum disorder, how to pay his bills
over the phone. He tells you that this is too hard. What might you do to engage him in the activity? Provide three examples.

110 The incidental learning opportunities to enhance skills development
a What is incidental learning?

b Give three examples of incidental learning.

c List three situations where an opportunity for potential informal learning may arise.

d What learning strategies might be used to maximise engagement?

e Explain the main principles of the following strategies:
• Demonstration
• Contextualisation

Explain in under 300 words how you can withdraw support using ‘task analysis' and motivation.

111 The person-centred behaviour supports
a Why is it important to support clients to maintain their routines and daily living activities? (75-100 words)

b What are the seven steps of a functional behavioural analysis?

c Name three elements that a behavioural support plan can support you in your work.

112 CASE STUDY: Mike is a 40-year-old client living in disability facility with an intellectual disability. Mike cannot handle too much information at once and he got confused but he can communicate reasonably well. He often forgets where he is up to in his daily routine. Mike came to the facility recently when his mother died and he had no one to look after him. Mike can shower himself but needs prompting to wash himself properly and he needs assistance dressing. He has a pleasant personality but he misses his mother and does not really understand why she is not there anymore.

a Identify daily activities and enjoyable experiences Mike might be engaged in as part of his daily routine. Provide five examples. For example, assisting with cooking

b Mike enjoys being with other people and he is usually easy to engage in activities. Despite this, when planting roses was introduced as a new activity, Mike showed great reluctance to participate even though he had enjoyed gardening activities with his mother in the past.

Identify five reasons staff might be having difficulties with engaging Mike in the rose planting activities.

c Describe an appropriate strategy that might be used to encourage Mike to engage in the gardening activity

113 Let's discuss about behaviours of concern

a Name five elements that may be in your behavioural support plan?

b Give five examples of behaviours of concern.

c What should you consider in a situation where behaviour of concern has occurred?

d What is your priority in a situation of behaviour that is of concern?

e Give three points that you need to consider when making inclusive communication with your clients.

f What are triggers of the behaviour?

g State 10 different triggers.

h Explain why it is important to consider the strength and frequency of behaviour of concern.

i Why is the environment a potential trigger for a client?

j Describe a situation where a trigger in the environment has arisen and you have needed to address this for the needs of the client.

k What factors help to give a person emotional wellbeing?

l Provide two examples of how a person's health status might affect their behaviour.

m Provide two examples of how a person's medication might affect their behaviour.

n Why should you note any medication that a client is taking when observing behaviour?

o What should you make a note of when recording information about medication taken?

p What does recording observations accurately and objectively mean?

114 Provide positive behaviour support according to individualised behaviour support plan
a Explain how positive and negative reinforcement can be used as an appropriate intervention when addressing behaviours of concern. (100-150 words)

b Why is punishment an inappropriate intervention when addressing behaviours of concern? (200 words)

c Name two strategies that can help you to avoid behaviour escalation.

d What strategies may assist in managing behaviour? Name ten

e How should you respond to behaviours of concern at an administrative level?

f Name four ways that you can try to minimise behaviour of concern.

g List 5 things you should do when a client becomes hostile, aggressive or abusive to ensure the safety of yourself, other people and the person being aggressive.

h Briefly explain what a critical incident is.

i A person is threatening to hurt themselves and anyone who tries to stop them. Explain how you should respond to the incident.

115 A service delivery model is a framework of policies, procedures and principles that guides how a service is delivered to clients. What is the service delivery model within your own organisation/sector? What are its principles and its stages?
You may use organisational materials for reference and/or refer to guidelines/graphics etc. that may provide an outline of your organisation/sector's service delivery model.

116 • Give examples of the different support services and resources that are available within your area.
• One of your clients doesn't really get out of the house and is starting to get lonely. You think that they could benefit from getting out of the house and socialising with others. Research the different services and resources available in your area. Present the information that you
have found here.

117 Explain the concept of self-actualisation and how you can help clients to meet this need.

118 List the 10 stages of human development, giving the age bracket and indicative signs where appropriate

119 Create a comprehensive list of the types of individual differences you may encounter and how these can affect the support you provide

120 What are the basic requirements for the good health of a person?

121 Create a list of mental health risk factors and mental health protective factors

122 What indications may signal signs of abuse or neglect of the following:
• Physical
• Sexual
• Psychological
• Financial.

123 Within your workplace, establish what the requirements are for suspected abuse or neglect situations

124 Research service delivery models that are available in your local area. Record your findings

125 Research funding models that are available in your local area. Record your findings

126 Create a list of expressions of sexuality and explain the potential effects of suppressing a client's sexual expression.

127 Create a list of verbal and non-verbal actions that count as emotional abuse. What indicators may you see in a client who is suffering emotional abuse?

128 In the context of your own current or prospective job role, outline a client scenario where an individual requires caregiving services. For the specific scenario you have outlined, write a summary of the support strategies, resources and networks you would implement to ensure the wellbeing of the client. An example scenario is a recent elderly widow who has limited mobility. The
services, resources and networks that may be utilised for her care may include transport services, food delivery service and enrollment in an over 60s social activity group.

129 If tasked with assessing the health status of a client, what sources of information would you need to review and why are they important? Provide two examples.

130 Describe three potential causes of conflicts of interest in the workplace. How can they be avoided?

131 When collaborating with colleagues, what do you need to consider for effective communications?
132 In no more than 400 words, describe the following regarding communication techniques:
• The difference between motivational interviewing and coercive approach
• The difference between collaboration and confrontation.

133 Provide at least four different factors about the recipient that will influence your type of communication.

134 Highlight two individual and two cultural differences that could act as a constraint to effective communication.

135 List five examples of health and community services industry terminology relating to role and service provision. Provide an explanation for each.

136 Briefly describe the importance of grammar, speed and pronunciation for verbal communication.

137 When might you need to use non-verbal communication and how can this take place?

138 Provide three examples of service providers in the health care system in Australia. What are their functions and how do they interrelate?

139 What types of diversity may you encounter in your role?

140 How can your attitudes impact diverse groups of people?

141 What social, political and economic issues affect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people?

142 What could the impact of adversity from being part of a diverse group include?

143 What resources may you need to work effectively with diverse groups?

144 What may affect people's attitudes to diverse groups?

145 Give an example of a time in your experience when diversity practices have improved an interpersonal relationship.

146 For three aspects of your organisation's ethical policies, identify any instances where there is an overlap with legal requirements.

147 Within your role, identify 3 legal issues that can arise and explain how you would respond to these

148 Within your role, identify 3 ethical issues that can arise and explain how you would respond to these

149 In no more than one page, outline your organisation's process for the review of policies and procedures and the methods available for team members to input feedback and ideas.

150 List at least THREE primary safety symbols you will come across. What do these mean?

151 What should be your safety considerations when working in a home-based environment?

152 What is your organisation's procedure in the case of an emergency? Write a summary of this procedure in your own words.

153 What is your understanding about WHS policy and procedure

154 Write an essay of approximately 1000 words which outlines the structure and profile of the aged care sector. Your essay should cover:

155 What are some of the key issues that older people face? What impact may these have on the life of an older person?

156 Which sexuality and gender issues may arise as a person ages?

157 Which strategies might an older person be able to adopt in order to promote a healthy lifestyle? Outline at least two.

158 2. In each of the following areas, list at least two signs that may indicate the abuse and/or neglect of an older person:
• Physical
• Sexual
• Psychological
• Financial.
What should you do if you suspect abuse?

159 How might your own attitude have an impact when working with older people? Your answer should be roughly 400 words.

160 Write a short essay (1-2 pages) on the latest major findings of dementia research.

161 List all of the different manifestations of dementia.

162 Describe dementia as a progressive neurological condition and the pathological features of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and the loss of connection between cells and cell death.

163 What are the common indicators and symptoms of dementia?

164 Explain the different behaviours of concern (also known as changed behaviour, or unmet needs, or behavioural & psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)).

165 What kind of impact can the disease have on the patient and their family?

166 What are some activities that enhance a person's self-esteem and help to bring pleasure to a patient's life?

167 Explain the need for and list the different types of verbal and non-verbal communications strategies.

168 Provide two client scenarios (150 words each) that each present a different context for the provision of personal support and the impact on how these contexts would affect the way your organisation would provide services.

169 Identify the basics of:
• Body hygiene
• Grooming
• Oral hygiene
• Human body system

170 What are the personal safety risks associated with provision of personal support and what strategies can be used to minimise those risks?

171 Identify at least THREE items of equipment or aids required to assist in providing support and outline how they can be used safely.

172 1. Drawing on your own research, as well as information from the Learner Guide, produce a short essay of no more than 1000 words detailing the context of caring within your country. You may also draw on the specific context of your workplace. Your answer should consider things such as:
• Carer demographics
• Carer support organisations and resources
• Attitudes, stereotypes, false beliefs and myths associated with caring
• Different pathways in service settings for the person and the implications for carers, families and friends.

173 Identify five ways in which the caring role can have a negative impact on families, carers, and friends.

174 All families will have diverse structures and patterns and it is important that you understand this and recognise your role within the structure of a client's care network. Identify three different family structures and explain how they may have an effect on a person with support needs.

175 Throughout the life of a person with support needs, many changes and transitions will occur that can have an impact on the person as well as their carer and their families. Explore three potential changes/transitions that may occur and explain how these may have an effect on the person, their
carer, and their family.

176 Outline and explain the service delivery philosophy and models of your organisation. You should present your answer in no more than 1000 words.

177 What is your understanding about the organisation's policies and procedures for carers and families?

178 Identify two relevant organisation policies and procedures and how to access them, including risk management practices when the work environment is a person's home.

179 Identify three personal and property security procedures and the equipment needed to carry them out.

180 In fewer than 100 words each, outline the following policies and programs:
• Home and community care (HACC)
• Department of Veterans' Affairs (DVA)
• Government community care directions

181 Can you identify five principles of palliative care as specified by the World Health Organisation?

182 Can you identify five emotional responses which individuals may demonstrate upon the diagnosis of life threatening and life limiting illnesses?

183 Can you identify five considerations relative to the provision of culturally appropriate palliative care?

184 Can you identify five personal strategies for managing reactions to grief?

185 What are advance care directives?

186 Can you identify three strategies which may be used for the promotion of comfort?

187 Why shouldn't nutrition and hydration be provided when an individual is slipping in and out of consciousness and the healthcare team agrees that death is imminent?

188 Which palliative supports would your organisation expect you to consider when developing the personal care plan?

189 Can you identify five concepts which may be implemented in order to reduce the stress associated with working with people in the care setting?

190 Can you identify five signs of imminent death?

191 Can you identify five ways of encouraging people in palliative care settings to communicate?

192 How can you avoid making a client/disabled person feel vulnerable and powerless?

193 What assessments processes and protocols are used by your organisation or service?

194 Describe what is meant by communication needs, strategies and resources.

195 Explain the basic principles of access and equity.

196 What tools, equipment, and other resources can be used in the learning process? (Give one example of each)

197 Describe a strategy for identifying and maximising informal learning opportunities.

198 List three services and resources available to people with special needs.

199 Describe the principles of prompting and fading prompting.

200 Name two different strategies you could use to create independence.

201 What are reinforcing techniques and when and how should you use them?

202 What are motivators, de-motivators, and blocks to learning?

203 Define the term incidental learning and describe the importance of recognising opportunities for learning.

204 Outline the key functions of a behavioural support plan. Why is it important to ensure that all implemented support is designed around the individual?

205 Provide four examples of positive behaviour support strategies and explain how they may encourage positive behaviour.

206 Explain the difference between the social model of disability and the medical model of disability.

207 List three negatives effects that social devaluation can have on a disabled person.

208 Explain the use of the five following positive lifestyle enhancement strategies:
• Motivation
• Stress management
• Engaging in meaningful activities
• Support relationships
• Improvements to the environment and systems.

209 Outline the importance of making sure that the nutritional needs of the client are being met as part of your care and activity work.

210 In your own words, explain the meaning of positive reinforcement. Present your answer in no more than 200 words.

211 What is the primary function of a crisis management plan?

212 Following the event of physical intervention with a client, a meeting should be held to consider any necessary changes to the guidelines for using restrictive practices. In your own words, consider the importance of the constant re-evaluation of the guidelines concerning restrive practices and/or physical intervention. You should present your answer in no more than 500 words.

213 In what case would it be appropriate to apply restrictive practice?

214 Identify three variations of communication strategies that you could apply these to minimise behaviours of concern?

215 List two examples of positive support strategies which may alleviate any unmet needs of the client.

216 When risk-assessing a client and their environment, what are the four primary factors that you should consider that may contribute to behaviours of concern?

217 When referring a client to a specialist, what are the three main questions that you should consider?

218 What strategies are in place at your organisation for strengthening options, networks and services for people with disability?

219 List two of each of your local agencies, services, and resources that can help you to obtain community information about sporting, cultural and specific-interest groups.

220 What does active citizenship mean for people with a disability? (in under 200 words)

221 Describe the role of carers and families and/or relevant others can have. (In under 200 words)

222 Consider the historic and recent developments in disability with a focus on the social and medical model of service - and the difference between the institutionalised and person-centred model of
support. Present your findings by PowerPoint.

223 How and at what point should someone seek support or advice from a more experienced member of staff?

224 List five types of disability.

225 Demonstrate knowledge of essential support practices for people with one of the following conditions: genetic factors, physical trauma or chronic lifestyle conditions.

226 How can the use of technology including laptops and tablets promote independent action and choice?

227 Outline the key ways in which a person with a disability can access advocacy services and complaint mechanisms.

228 Describe the indicators of abuse and/or neglect to one of the main categories of abuse.

229 What you mean by human needs? Define at least cultural, spiritual, financial and sexual needs of older people and people with disability?
a. Define relationship between human needs and human rights
b. How can you maintain spiritual, social, cultural and financial wellbeing of older people and people with disability?
c. How career/occupation impact on the wellbeing of older people and people with disability?

230 Identify any cultural or financial issues impacting the older person's or person with disability's wellbeing?

231 Identify any risks to the person in relation to mental health and what are the protective factors for it?

232 List at least five Impacts of community values and attitudes, including myths and stereotypes and give a brief explanation of any two?