Reference no: EM133411450
The goal of this project is to develop a computer program in the Java language which requires the design of a class that can be used to perform arithmetic involving fractions. For the purposes of this project, the following facts about fractions will be used.
OPTIONAL - Discuss to what extent a programmer can expect a program that conforms to a standard to generate identical results when run under different conforming compilers on different machines. [6 marks] (b) ALGOL 60 provided call by value and call by name, Pascal provided call by value and call by reference, and ALGOL-W provided a variety of calling methods including call by result and call by value-result. Briefly describe the calling mechanisms just mentioned and discuss why most modern programming languages provide only call by value.
The colour of a pixel is some average of the colours of all the rays fired through it. The power of ray tracing lies in the fact that secondary rays are fired from the ray-object
intersection point to determine its exact illumination (and hence colour). This spawning of secondary rays allows reflection, refraction, and shadowing to be handled with ease.
A simple raytraced image can be seen in Figure 1 and the basic algorithm in Figure 13. Ray tracing's big disadvantage is that it is slow. It takes minutes, or hours, to render
a reasonably detailed scene.
Let us Assume a processor has two symmetric groups that contain both utilitarian units and an issue cradle. (a) How many flip-flops will be required to implement the mystery module, and how will signals c and r be connected to these flip-flops? 15 marks] (b) What is the state transition diagram for this mystery module? [5 marks] (c) If this module were synthesised to the minimum sum of products form, what would the equations be for next state bits s[0], s[1] and Structures and Algorithms Compiler Construction Programming answers should be written in some notation approximating SML or OCaml. (a) Describe what is meant by tail recursion. [4 marks] (b) Eliminate tail recursion from foldl given below. Which of the lookup mechanisms in part (b.ii) is usually used for a TLB and why aren't the other mechanisms usually used? [5 marks] 5 ECAD Consider the following mysterious Verilog module. module mystery(c,r,a,s); input c,r,a; output [3:0] s; reg [3:0] s; always @(posedge c or posedge r) if(r) s<=0; else begin if(a && (s<7)) s<=s+1; else if(!a && (s>0)) s<=s-1; end endmodule (a.ii) How many flip-flops will be required to implement the mystery module, and how will signals c and r be connected to these flip-flops? [9 marks] (b.ii) What is the state transition diagram for this mystery module? [5 marks] . D[8 marks]
Consider different versions of an optimising compiler,What Explain how five free elements of visual handling are multiplexed together into the three accessible spatial components of brain tissue, by the construction of the cubic millimeter hypercolumns should the two fundamental objectives of a decent guiding strategy be?
(c) Discuss the reasons why languages such as Fortran, Algol and PL/I designed in 1950s and 1960s are less widely used than languages designed in the last 202 years. However, the database implementor has
noticed that a very common and expensive query is this: given an A-value a, find the
sum of all Amount values for records in T related to this a value in S. Ray tracing was first implemented in hardware by a Cambridge company, Advanced Rendering Technologies.