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Determine the optimum economic thickness of insulation that should be used under the following conditions: Saturated steam is being passed continuously through a steel pipe with an outside diameter of 10.75 in. The temperature of the steam is 400"F, and the steam is valued at $1.80 per 1000 lb. The pipe is to be insulated with a material that has a thermal conductivity of 0.03 Btu/(h)(ft2)(°F/ft). The cost of the installed insulation per foot of pipe length is $4.5 x It where It, is the thickness of the insulation in inches. Annual fixed charges including maintenance amount to 20 percent of the initial installed cost. The total length of the pipe is 1000 ft, and the average temperature of the surroundings may be taken as 70°F. Heat-transfer resistances due to the steam film, scale, and pipe wall are negligible. The air-film coefficient at the outside of the insulation may be assumed constant at 2.0 Btu/(h)(ft2)(°F) for all insulation thicknesses
The gases enter the condenser at 230 °C and leave at 50 °C. The cooling water enters the tubes at 20 °C and leaves at 50 °C. Suggest suitable materials of construction for the shell and the tubes.
A storage tank for concentrated nitric acid will be constructed from aluminum to resist corrosion. The tank is to have an inside diameter of 6 m and a height of 17 m. The maximum liquid level in the tank will be at 16 m.
A mixture of ethanol and benzene is separated in a network of distillation and membrane separation steps. In one intermediate step, a near-azeotropic liquid mixture of 8,000 kg/h of 23 wt% ethanol in benzene is fed to a pervaporation membrane cons..
Calculate the theoretical stages needed to separate a 10 mole% ethanol liquid saturated feed into a 80 mole% distillate and a 0.1 mole% bottoms at 1 atmosphere pressure.
Calculate the rate of moisture condensation (kg/h) and the volumetric flow rate of the air drawn from the outside.
A mixture of acetone and isopropanol containing 50 mol% acetone is to be distilled continuously to produce an overhead product containing 80 mol% acetone and a bottoms containing 25 mol% acetone. If a saturated-liquid feed is employed, if the colu..
Find the air fuel ratio for stoichiometric combustion of Butane by volume. Calculate the percentage of carbon dioxide present in the DRY flue gas if 30% excess air is used
the path followed by a fixed amount of a perfect gas during a reversible process is described by the following
The Telephone transmission rate at the T3 level is 44.7 Mb/s. Each telephone message accupies 64,000b/s. How many simultaneous message could be set along this system?
Carolina (H2C=CHCHO) is made by selective oxidation of propylene at 2 bar, 350 °C using a molybdenum, iron, and bismuth catalyst on a silica support
An evaporator is used to concentrate 20 wt % NaOH solution entering at 150°F to a 45 wt% NaOH solution exiting at 200°F. What is the pressure in the vapor space of the evaporator
Analysis of these publications outline the chiral ligands used and draw a catalytic cycle for one initermolecular and one intramolecular reaction - the asymmetric Heck reaction
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