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At equilibrium, where DG=0, the equations can be rearranged to the more familiar form known as the Nernst equation:V = 2.3 (R T/zF) log10 (Co/Ci)For the questions below, assume that hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi proceeds with a DG of -12 kcal/mole; that is, ATP hydrolysis can drive active transport with a DG of +12 kcal/mole. Assume that V is -60 mVA. What is the maximum concentration gradient that can be achieved by the ATP-driven active transport into the cell of an uncharged molecule such as glucose, assuming that 1 ATP is hydrolyzed for each solute molecule that is transported.B. What is the maximum concentration gradient that can be achieved by active transport of Ca2+ from the inside to the outside of the cell? Howr does this maximum compare with the actual concentration gradient observed in mammalian cells which have 10-4 mM inside of the cells and 1-2 mM outside of the cells?C. Calculate how much energy it takes to drive the Na+-K* pump. This remark- able molecular device transports five ions for every molecule of ATP that is hydrolyzed: 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell. The pump typically maintains internal Na+ at 10 mM, external Na+ at 145 mM, internal K+ at 140 mM, and external K+ at 5 mM. We know that Na+ is transported against the membrane potential, whereas K+ is transported with it. (The DG for the overall reaction is equal to the sum of the DG values for transport of the individual ions.)D. How efficient is the Na+-K+ pump? That is, what fraction of the energy available from ATP hydrolysis is used to drive transport?
Dr. Ara B. Dopsis and Dr. C. Ellie Gans are performing genetic crosses on daisy plants. They self-fertilize a blueflowered daisy and grow one hundred progeny plants that consist of 55 blue-flowered plants,
What would happen if the I gene was moved to a different location in the genome? What would happen if the lac promoter was moved to a different location?
What are the underlying mechanisms that help assist a species to originate using sympatric speciation although they are not reproductively isolated like in allopatric speciation.Diversity within species that is using sympatric speciation.
2-mutant, colorless strains of the (fictitious) haploid fungus Cyanomyces are crossed. The progeny consists of 50% wild-type and 50 percent mutant spores.
Monica begins typing her term paper on her computer early one morning and after 8 hours of typing, she notices that her wrists are stiff and very sore. The next morning she begins to finish the paper, but soon finds her wrists hurt more than last ..
At start of abduction of arm, deltoid muscle is assisted by: subclavius., supraspinatus, coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii.
A steel wire in a piano has a length of 0.5000 m and a mass of 5.200 10-3 kg. To what tension must this wire be stretched so that the fundamental vibration corresponds to middle C (fC = 261.6 Hz on the chromatic musical scale)?
Explain why proteins are superior to both RNA and DNA for structural and enzymatic function?
Plan a scientific experiment to find out the effect of this environmental factor on the rate of photosynthesis or cellular respiration in your chosen organism (reviews the scientific method, remember hypothesis, control so on.
Make a diagram of a cell (2n=10) at mitotic metaphase. Demonstrate the cell membrane, the spindle, and each of the Chromosomes as they are aligned on the metaphase plate
Why or why not explain with reason? Work the genetics problem predicting the frequencies of the versions of this trait among their prospective children.
The molecules of all matter, particularly gases and liquids, are in constant vibration motion. As a result of this motion, molecules are continually colliding with one another, much like balls scattering over a pool table.how to Add a coverslip ov..
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