Reference no: EM133424044

1. Suppose we are trying to determine the speed of a computer that executes the Little Man instruction set. The LOAD and STORE instructions each make up about 25% of the instructions in a typical program; ADD, SUBTRACT, IN, and OUT take 10% each. The various branches each take about 5%. The HALT instruction is almost never used (a maximum of once each program, of course!).
   1. Determine the average number of instructions executed each second if the clock ticks at 100 MHz.
   2. Now suppose that the CPU is pipelined, so that each instruction is fetched while another instruction is executing. (You may also neglect the time required to refill the pipeline during branches and at the start of program execution.) What is the average number of instructions that can be executed each second with the same clock in this case?
2. Consider a cache memory that provides three hundred 16-byte blocks. Now consider that you are processing all the data in a two-dimensional array of, say, four hundred rows by four hundred columns, using a pair of nested loops. Assume that the program stores the array column by column. You can write your program to nest the loops in either direction, that is, process row by row or column by column. Explain which way you would choose to process the data?  Why?