Determine necessary and sufficient conditions for equations

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Reference no: EM131084493

Putnam TNG - Polynomials

1: Find polynomials f(x), g(x), and h(x), if they exist, such that for all x,

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2: Let k be a fixed positive integer. The n-th derivative of 1/xk-1 has the form Pn(x)/(xk-1)n+1 where Pn(x) is a polynomial. Find Pn(1).

3: Determine necessary and sufficient conditions for the equations:

x + y + z = A        x2 + y2 + z2 = B      x3 + y3 + z3 = C

to have a solution (possibly complex) for (x, y, z) with at least one of x, y or z equal to zero.

4: Let f(x) be a polynomial with real coefficients. If f(x) ≥ 0 for all real x, prove there are polynomials p1(x), p2(x), . . . , pk(x) for which

f(x) = i=1kpi2(x).

5: Let f be a non-constant polynomial with positive integer coefficients. Prove that if n is a positive integer, then f(n) divides f(f(n) + 1) if and only if n = 1.

6: Let P(x) be a polynomial of degree n with real coefficients and only real zeroes. Prove that for every real x, (n - 1) [P'(x)]2 ≥ nP(x)P''(x), and determine for which P(x) equality is obtained.

7: Let p(x) = x5 + x and q(x) = x5 + x2. Find all pairs (w, z) of complex numbers with w ≠ z for which p(w) = p(z) and q(w) = q(z).

8: Let n be a positive integer. Find the number of pairs P, Q of polynomials with real coefficients such that (P(X))2 + (Q(X))2 = X2n + 1 and deg P > deg Q.

Reference no: EM131084493

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