Design the reinforced strips dimensions

Reference no: EM133559461

Applied Geotechnics

Question 1

Reinforced soil walls with ribbed galvanized steel strips have been proposed for construction of abutments of a bridge. Assume the service life of the wall is 70 years, and the site is wet, involving fresh water.

Design the reinforced strips dimensions (i.e. length, thickness and width) based on external and internal stability criteria.

Question 2:
A railway ballast grading table, before loading and after two years of loading are given below.
(a) Draw the particle size distribution curves of the ballast before and after loading in one figure indicating both curves.
(b) Calculate the breakage index (Bg) based on Marsal's Method

Sieve Size (mm)	Before Loading (%Percent)	After Loading (%Percent)
63	100	100
53	84	90
45	60	70
37.5	45	50
26.5	16	32
19	6	13
13.2	2	10
9.5	1	8
4.75	0.5	6
2.36	0	3
1.18	0	2
0.6	0	1.5
0.30	0	1.3
0.150	0	1.1
0.075	0	1

Question 3:

Scenario: Selection of Road Tunnel Excavation Method

Project Description:
A new road tunnel is planned to connect two urban areas located 8 km apart. The tunnel's primary purpose is to relieve traffic congestion and enhance transportation between these urban areas. The design specifications include a tunnel length of 9 km, a tunnel diameter of 8 m, and a tunnel depth varying from 20 m (at the two ends) to 70 m (in the middle part) below the road surface. The geological conditions along the tunnel alignment differ, and the presence of groundwater must be considered. The project is near urban areas at the two ends, depending on the chosen alignment. Additionally, there is a possibility of constructing shafts and caverns for specific sections of the tunnel to provide ventilation and safety.

Factors to be Considered:
Geological and Hydrological Conditions:
Segment 1 (1 km long): close to an urban area, medium-strong sedimentary rock, groundwater is 15 m below the ground surface. The tunnel depth varies between 10 m to 40 m.
Segment 2 (2 km long): Far from urban areas. A mixture of strong igneous hard rock and medium-strong igneous rock, with minimal geological faults. The groundwater, on average, is 40 m below the ground surface. The tunnel depth ranges from 40 m to 60 m.
Segment 3 (4 km long): weak sedimentary rock, including some weak zones with the potential for groundwater ingress. The tunnel depth varies between 60 m to 50 m.
Segment 4 (1 km long): far from urban areas, predominantly soft, cohesive soil, and clayey material. Groundwater is low. The tunnel depth ranges from 30 m to 50 m.
Segment 5 (1 km long): close to an urban area, tunnel depth varies, soil is predominantly soft, cohesive soil, and clayey material. Groundwater is 10 m below the ground surface. The tunnel depth ranges from 10 m to 30 m.

Question:
Which road tunnel excavation method do you suggest: Cut and Cover, JackedBox Tunnelling, Drill &Blast, Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM), Road-Headers, or a combination method? In other words, which method would be the best method of tunnelling excavation for eachsection? Please provide proper reasons for your decision (usebetween 150 and 300 words to answer).

Question 4: Calculate the vertical displacement at point A due to construction of a tunnel as shown in the following figure. Assume the volume loss of this tunnel is 0.3%.

94_vertical displacement .jpg

Question 5: Calculate the vertical and horizontal displacement at point B due to construction of two tunnels at different depths, as shown in the following figure.

801_vertical displacement1.jpg

NOTE 1: The ground in the site is mostly classified as silty clay with low plasticity and a series of tests were conducted to determine the actual excavated area (Aexc = 19.93 m2) in order to determine the volume loss (VL) of both tunnels.

NOTE 2: In order to calculate the location of the maximum ground settlement gradient (i = the point of inflection) use Glossop (1988) formula.

Attachment:- Vertical displacement.rar

Reference no: EM133559461

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