Reference no: EM133535135

1. Which of the following statements best describes how Indigenous peoples view the police in Canada?

a. Collaborative partners who work with communities

b. Service providers who offer protection

c. A domestic policing agency

d. An occupying foreign army

2. A family member of an Indigenous individual died during the commission of a crime. The individual was witness to this crime and must testify in court. Which of the following best represents the conflict that may arise during their testimony?

a. In some traditional Indigenous customs, people are not permitted to say the name of or tell stories about someone who has died for an extended period thus making testifying difficult

b. In some traditional Indigenous cultures, speaking in front of a large group of people is considered very rude thus making it seem as though the witness is withdrawn and incompetent

c. In some traditional Indigenous customs, sharing negative feelings and discussing oneself is considered shameful, thus creating an extremely uncomfortable and coercive testifying experience

d. In some traditional Indigenous customs, looking into the eyes of authority figures is a sign of disrespect, thus when testifying the witness may be perceived as dishonest if not looking into the lawyers' eyes

3. What is a judge-alone trial?

a. A guilty plea court

b. A pre-trial hearing

c. When the judge hears the case by themselves

d. When the defendant pleads guilty

4. Which of the following LEAST represents how women's violence is different than men's violence?

a. The reason for committing a violent act

b. The implication of biology and hormones

c. The likelihood of committing another violent act

d. The history of violent experiences in childhood

5. Which of the following BEST represents an aggravating factor?

a. Defendant is remorseful

b. Defendant has a criminal record

c. Defendant is Indigenous

d. Defendant did not plead guilty

6. What is a Charter Application?

a. When Crown attorneys aim to protect the Charter rights of their clients

b. When Defence lawyers aim to protect the Charter rights of their clients

c. When police are found guilty of violating Charter rights of the accused

d. When Judges determine that Charter rights have been violated

7. Gerald Bent shared about his experience working for the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC). Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding his professional experience with Restorative Justice (RJ) in CSC?

a. CSC are active supporters of restorative practices

b. CSC removed the sacred medicines from the RJ office

c. CSC closed the office dedicated to holding RJ circles

d. CSC was hardly using restorative justice practices

8. Which of the following was NOT discussed during Gerald Bent's talk?

a. Indigenous peoples mistrust people in uniforms because uniforms remind them of residential schools

b. His mom had trouble expressing her experiences of residential school and got sick

c. He has intergenerational trauma because both his parents attended residential schools

d. Indigenous peoples are disrespectful because they don't want to look others in the eyes

9. Which of the following BEST represents how Rachel Fayter got caught up in the CJS?

a. Her boyfriend got into a bar fight and she didn't report it so she was arrested

b. She was living in a tent on city property and the police arrested her

c. She was a sex worker who got caught

d. Her boyfriend was involved in drugs and she became somewhat involved

10. When two unrelated First Nations are put together due to colonial policy, this is referred to as which of the following?

a. Amalgamation

b. Barbarism

c. Addition-ing

d. External colonialism

11. Which of the following BEST represents Monchalin's critique regarding indigenizing the CJS?

a. Canada's system is already just without indigenizing it

b. Indigenous customs can be too easily co-opted by the CJS

c. Indigenous peoples don't want to participate in the CJS

d. Canadians don't want Indigenous participation in the CJS

12. Which of the following does NOT play a role in professional and institutional misconduct?

a. Authorities pressure a suspect to confess

b. The accused is marginalized

c. The case is high-profile

d. Authorities believe the suspect is innocent

13. Gladue reports are available all EXCEPT which of the following times?

a. Dangerous offender hearings

b. Probation hearings

c. Not criminally responsible hearings

d. Bail, sentencing, and parole hearings

14. In the Circle of Healing, how do participants BEST provide support and encouragement?

a. By expressing oneself

b. By offering advice

c. Through listening

d. Through learning

15. Which of the following does restorative justice NOT address?

a. Conflict

b. Harm

c. Murder

d. Retribution

16. Which of the following is CORRECT about restorative justice?

a. It doesn't hold people who committed crime accountable

b. It's an easy process for the person who committed a crime

c. It can occur at various parts of the CJS

d. Youth are not often participants

17. Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the case of Neil Stonechild whose death was ruled as unresolved in Saskatchewan?

a. Police were not arrested or charged

b. Police conducted an investigation into police brutality

c. Police had Neil in custody that night

d. Police conducted a prolonged investigation into Neil's death

18. Which of the following LEAST represents the newsworthy elements of Kelly Silk's case?

a. Innocent victims

b. Woman perpetrator

c. Violent crime

d. Sexual crime

19. Which of the following BEST describes a spiral of disorder in prison?

a. Prisoner-caused disruption within the prison system

b. An event and the response to that event decrease disorder

c. An event and the response to that event increase disorder

d. Staff-caused disruption within the prison system

20. Approximately what percentage of wrongful conviction cases are caused by false confessions?

a. 25%

b. 75%

c. 45%

d. 90%

21. Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding what Gladue reports are intended to help the court understand?

a. The defendant's charges

b. The defendant's mental health

c. The impact of colonization

d. The impact of intergenerational trauma

22. Which of the following does NOT reflect the provision of "reasonable opportunity" for suspects to consult council during their arrest?

a. Prior may question suspect prior to legal council

b. Police may discourage suspects from taking legal advice

c. Suspects are not required to speak with their lawyer

d. Suspects must speak with their lawyer

23. In which provinces is prolonged solitary confinement understood as cruel and unusual punishment?

a. BC and Ontario

b. Quebec and Alberta

c. BC and Alberta

d. Ontario and Quebec

24. Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding Rick Sauve?

a. He is no longer alive

b. He worked with the LifeLine program

c. He graduated from the University of Ottawa

d. He advocates for prisoners' rights

26. Most prisoners in Canada have less than what grade of education?

a. University

b. Grade 10

c. Grade 8

d. Grade 12

27. Donald Marshall Jr. was wrongfully convicted of which of the following crimes?

a. Manslaughter

b. Drug trafficking

c. Murder

d. Sexual assault

28. Which of the following was the first province or territory to enact victim-related legislation?

a. Northwest Territories

b. Yukon

c. Manitoba

d. British Columbia

29. A person who witnesses a crime occur is BEST characterized as which of the following?

a. Secondary victim

b. Indirect victim

c. Primary victim

d. Community victim

30. Which of the following does NOT represent a reason why non-Indigenous people are allowed to participate in the Circle of Healing?

a. Because teachings are equal

b. Because one who needs help shouldn't be turned away

c. Because race doesn't exist

d. Because one need not judge others based on skin colour

31. What is the LEADING cause of wrongful conviction?

a. Racial bias

b. Misconduct

c. False confessions

d. Eyewitness error