Reference no: EM133485790
Muscle Tissue
Overview of Muscle Tissue
Question 1. Types of Muscle Tissue - study table in the chapter because it describes all of the differences between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle
Question 2. Know the major functions of muscle tissue (movement, maintenance of posture, movement of body structures, stabilizing joints, generating heat)
Skeletal Muscle
Question 1. Gross Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle
Question 2. Microscopic Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle - connective tissue membranes (epimysium, perimysium, fascicle, endomysium)
Question 3. Sarcolemma (plasma membrane), sarcoplasmic reticulum, T (transverse) tubules, sarcoplasm (cytoplasm of muscle cell), triad (T-tubule and 2 terminal cisterns - ends of the sarcoplasmic reticulum)
Question 4. Smooth Muscle - key differences (calmodulin instead of troponin, varicosities instead of neuromuscular junctions
Muscular System
• Characteristics that are used to name muscles:
Question 1. Muscle location
Question 2. Muscle shape - muscles names by their fascicle arrangement
i. Circular (orbicularis oris), convergent (pectoralis major), fusiform (biceps brachii), parallel (sartorius), multipennate (deltoid), bipennate (rectus femoris), unipennate (extensor digitorum longus)
Question 3. Muscle size
a. Direction of muscle fibers or fascicles - rectus, transversus, oblique
b. Number of origins
c. Location of attachments
Question 4. Muscle action
Muscles are attached to the bone via a tendon
a. Attachment sites include the origin (point of attachment to the nonmoveable bone) and insertion (point of attachment to the moveable bone)
1. Know the 3 lever systems and examples of each (major factor is the difference in position of the effort, load, and fulcrum)
2. Know the actions/functions of the following muscles (don't need to know origin, insertions, and innervations for each muscle):
Fundamentals of Nervous System
Question 1. Organization of the nervous system (central vs. peripheral) - be able to describe the various parts of the nervous system
Question 2. Names of glial cells and their functions (know which are in the CNS and which are in the PNS); glial cells do NOT transmit electrical nerve impulses
Question 3. Different types of neurons (multipolar, bipolar and unipolar) and their locations