Reference no: EM1394702

1. Where is the golgi tendon organ located?
2. Early research indicated that the golgi tendon organ __________________________, and more recent research has shown that it plays a role in ________ ___________ control.
3. Joint receptors are not well researched yet it is speculated that they fire __________________________________ and their firing patterns _______________________ ______________________________________________________________________________.
4. Cutaneous receptors provide information about ______________________________________.

5. More specifically, Pacinian corpuscles located _________________________ are involved in _______________________, Free nerve endings wrap _______________________ and are involved in _______________________, Meissner corpuscles and Merkel's discs are important for _________________________.
6. Almost all proprioception signals decussate at the level of the and pass through the ____________ a major sensory relay station in the cerebrum. Finally, the signal is received in the __________ __________________ cortex caudal to the central sulcus.
7. Does a single proprioceptive signal provide much information? Explain. Thin of ensemple characteristics.
8. Define and differentiate closed and open-loop systems
9. Map an "Expanded Closed-Loop" system and explain its homeostatic nature.
10. Can you explain the notion of "Reference of Correctness?"
11. What is the typical time to correct errors in the expanded system?
12. Is there a storage problem in the Reference of Correctness model/system? Explain, briefly.
13. List the reasons why IP models are not good for rapid movements.
14. What does the Drewhurst, 1967 study tell us about processing feedback in rapid movements? (Early peak in EMG)
15. What does the Henry, 1953 study tell us about reflexes and conscious detection of changes in stimuli? Reciting the main findings will help describe this phenomena.
16. Define reflex.
17. Describe the typical muscle spindle (gamma loop) reflex. How does this reflex help to explain rapid adjustments as seen in the Henry, 1953 study?
18. What is meant by an autogenetic (in the slides I list as autogenic)? What three other studies in addition to Henry, 1953 indicate this reflex is in play. What is the function of these autogenetic reflexes?
19. Make note that posture is controlled by the spindle reflex in part due to the idea of stiffness of muscles.
20. Describe the wineglass toasting experiment (e.g., Johansson and Westling, 1984) tell us about triggered reactions? Describing the basic experiment and its basic outcomes will help.
21. The spindle reflex is _____ ms, the long loop is ______ ms, triggered reactions are _____ms and RT are about _____ms long. Use table 5.1 to further compare and contrast these various responses or reflexes.
22. Can you map the BIG PICUTRE from memory? Can you describe its import and what its parts mean ... M1, 2, and 3?
23. What is meant by Efference Copy? What do I saccades, limb control, postural control and sandpaper experiments tell us about the likelihood of efferent copies?