Describe the scientific method

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Questions

1. What is anthropology? What are the subfields of anthropology? What does each study?

2. Describe the scientific method.

3. Before about 150 years ago, what were the general beliefs about the age of the earth and how different species came into being? How does the evolutionist view differ from this?

4. How did the work of Lamarck, Lyell, Malthus and Wallace contribute to Darwin's work? (Explain the contribution of each separately.) How did the ideas of Lyell and Cuvier differ?

5. What was Charles Darwin's main contribution to evolution? What observations did Darwin make while on his voyage on The Beagle that convinced him that evolution occurs?

6. Explain Darwin's theory about how biological evolution occurs using variation, competition and inheritance. How does Darwin's theory differ from Lamarck's?

7. A. Describe the basic structure of DNA.

B. Which bases are complimentary?

C. How do DNA and RNA differ?

D. What are the purposes of DNA and of the different types of RNA?

E. How does DNA replicate?

F. How does DNA lead to proteins?

8A. Provide the complimentary side to the following single strand of DNA:

A T G C T G C A A T T

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

8B. Use the following split strand of DNA to create mRNA. Also mark the codons:

A G G C A T A A G

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '

9. How many chromosomes are in a normal human body cell? What are homologous chromosomes?

10. A. What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

B. What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

C. What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

D. Describe Mendel's laws of Segregation and Independent Assortment.

11. What is the type of cell division that produces all your body cells except gametes? Describe the basic steps in this type of cell division.

12. How do gametes differ from other body cells? What is the type of cell division that produces gametes? Describe the basic steps in this type of cell division, being sure to specify the end result of the cell division. What is crossing over, what is random assortment, and why are they important?

13. What are the alleles in the ABO blood group systems? What alleles are codominant to each other, what alleles are dominant, and what alleles are recessive? What are the possible genotypes for each blood group phenotype (blood type)? Why are ABO blood groups important in blood transfusions?

14. Could a man who is ABO blood group O be the father of a child who is blood type A if the mother is blood type B? Why or why not?

15. What are the possible phenotypes and genotypes of the offspring, which could be produced by the following reproduction, and what is the expected ratio of each genotype and phenotype?

a)AO x AA

b)AB X AB

16. What are complex traits? Give three examples of complex traits. Why are complex traits continuous in the distribution of phenotype (i.e., look like a bell curve for the population) rather than in discrete categories (like ABO blood groups)? What is the reaction norm? How does environment lead to continuous distribution of phenotype?

17. In a population of 10 people, 5 are RR, 0 are Rr, 5 are rr. What are the genotype, phenotype, and allele frequencies in the population? (if R is dominant trait for tongue rolling and r is recessive trait for non-tongue rolling)

18. Define evolution.

19. Define the FOUR FORCES OF EVOLUTION and discuss how they can lead to changes in allele frequencies over time:

A. Genetic drift

B. Gene flow

C. Natural Selection

D. Mutation

20. What are homology and convergence? Give examples.

21. What is the difference between directional and stabilizing selection? Give an example of each.

22. Sexual selection is a type of natural selection. Give examples of it they works.

23. Describe the Belyaev Fox experiment. What were the results? Do these results hold any importance for human evolution?

what do following terms do, and what is their context:

- amino acid

- Pleiotropy

- Antagonistic pleiotropy

- Population

- Neutral theory

- Karyotype

- double helix

- Complementarity

- Chromosome

- Diploid

- Haploid

- Mendel

- Gene

- Allele

-Codominant

- Nucleus

- Sex chromosomes

- Catastrophism

- Dominant

- Founders effect

- Uracil

- Adenine

- Guanine

- Thymine

- Cytosine

- Codon

- Transcription

- Translation

- Uniformitarianism

- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

- Fitness

- Enzyme

- Nucleotide

- Recombination

- Cytoplasm

- Locus

-Ribosome

- Convergence

- Spandrel

- Vestigial

- Neotony

Reference no: EM133410139

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