Reference no: EM133661976

Assignment:

Part 1

1. Describe the location of each part of the prokaryotic cell envelope from outermost to innermost. You must mention the cell membrane, the cell wall, and the glycocalyx (or capsule) to receive full credit.
2. Describe the role of the following internal components of prokaryotic cells: plasmid, cytoplasm, nucleoid region, and ribosome.
3. Describe the role of the following external components of prokaryotic cells: cellular membrane, fimbriae, flagellum, peptidoglycan cell wall, and glycocalyx (or capsule).
4. Antibiotics like penicillin, amoxicillin, and cefaclor target peptidoglycan synthesis. This inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and results in lysis. Why doesn't this harm human cells, too (disregarding an allergic response)?
5. Although Bacteria and Archaea are both prokaryotes (non-nucleated), they don't occupy the same taxonomic domain. Describe at least three characteristics that distinguish them from one another.
6. Arrange the following object from smallest (first) to largest (last): bacterium, animal cell, and virus.

Part B: Eukaryotic Cells

Use your textbook to investigate the following questions. Then answer in your own words (2 points each).

1. Describe the structure and function of the eukaryotic nucleus and its nucleolus.
2. Describe the roles of the smooth ER and rough ER. What structure is found on the rough ER that is not found on the smooth ER?
3. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
4. How do each of the following organelles contribute to cellular metabolism and nutrient cycling: lysosomes, peroxisomes, and vacuoles?
5. Describe the structure and function of the eukaryotic chloroplast. Don't forget to reference thylakoid!
6. Describe the structure and function of the eukaryotic mitochondrion. Don't forget to reference cristae!
7. What structure takes up the majority of the center space within the plant cell? What is its primary function?
8. What is the function of the cytoskeleton, what are the three cytoskeletal fibers, and what do they do?
9. Distinguish cilia from flagella.
10. Describe the endosymbiotic theory in your own words.
11. Explain the evidence that suggests chloroplasts and mitochondria were once independently living prokaryotes.
12. What organelle gives a plant cell gives its green color? What key process occurs inside this organelle?
13. Are plant cells more closely related to animal cells or bacterial cells? Explain.
14. Why aren't lysosomes found within plant cells? How do plant cells acquire food?