Reference no: EM132962302

1. Complete the questions in the document using a different fount or different colour (but not red, please, because it is difficult to perceive).
2. If you use a different document, be sure to identify the original question number.
3. Complete 10 of 16 questions as indicated. Do not do extras as 4% is subtracted per question.
4. Simple definition answers of 40-100 words are usually adequate. Essay length is not appropriate.
5. Write in complete sentences. I do not mark grammar or spelling, so don't worry. Complete sentences force you to think clearly and show me that you can organise your thoughts.
6. You may use diagrams, though you must upload them with the exam.
7. Definitions must be illustrated further from case studies posted for this or previous assignments.
9. If you cannot find an illustration, you can use other examples, to receive up to 1.5 out of 2.
10. Save the file to pdf format before uploading. I can convert word processing files if you forget.
11. Name your file as follows: firstname lastname [any other details you like]

Part 1 The Modern Economy (complete one)

1. Briefly describe the three components of all economies (3). Describe how they are illustrated in one or more of the case studies (2).

2. Describe the three main sectors of the modern economy (2), and differentiate between the two which have been added by subdividing the third main sector (1). You may upload an original diagram if it helps, but this is not required. Find examples of each sector in the case studies (2).

Part 2 Agriculture (complete any 4)

3. Describe the three generic types of agriculture introduced in this class (2). Why do we call "subsistence agriculture" and "traditional agriculture" indigenous agriculture in this course? (1)? Identify an example of each type from the case studies (2). Note that some of the examples in the case studies vary from the simple categories, and this can be discussed in your description.

4. Describe the first and second agricultural revolutions, keeping in mind that there are different ways of defining the second agricultural revolution (2). Discuss the limitations of the term "revolution" (1). Distinguish between the technological aspects and the social aspects of the second revolution and speculate on whether changes in technology and social relations in any of the relevant case studies could be considered element of a 4th revolution (2). Note that the goal is not to identify a definite revolution, but to demonstrate that you understand the changes which led to defining earlier revolutions.

5. Examine one of the case studies illustrating agriculture, and try to identify the zone and world agricultural type it would fit into on the world map in the Knox, Marston and Imort text (1). Describe the type of agriculture considered usual to the area more fully (2). Describe how the case study alters the conception of the area's normal or potential practice of agriculture (2).

6. Explain the changing role and changing power of the farmer in agriculture with respect to the rise of agribusiness and agricultural restructuring (2). What element of the production chain (or commodity chain) does the farmer have the most power over (1)? Illustrate your definition from one of the case studies (2).

7. The last section on agriculture introduced three terms addressing political relations in agriculture: food regimes, food sovereignty, and agroecology. Define any two (3) and give an example of how at least one is illustrated from the sample case studies, or in your own neighbourhood or hometown (2).

8. What was the Green Revolution (1)? Identify its perceived benefits and limitations (2) - these are still hotly debated, you don't have to resolve the debate, just identify the perceptions. Which technology system was most productive on marginal land at the outset of the technology shift: the green revolution or agroecological. Illustrate our answer by reference to a case study (2)?

Urban Systems (complete any 2)

9. Define and differentiate between megacities and world cities (3). Discuss how or whether the cities of Dhaka, Bangladesh and Seoul, Korea fit each definition (2).

10. Differentiate between the following terms: urban, urbanisation, and urbanism (2). Between older industrialised and less industrial countries, which is category is generally more urbanised and which has the most urban dwellers (1). Give an example of the difference between urbanisation and urbanism as described by people in any of the case studies (2).

11. What is meant by rank-size rule, primate city, and primacy (3)? From the list of cities in Canada below, identify which provinces in Canada experience urban primacy (1). From the 2015 documentary from CBC's The National, explain whether this pattern is seen as likely to change in the next 10 years (1).

Province	Largest City (CA or CMA)		2nd largest city (CA or CMA)
Newfoundland and Labrador	St. John's	214,000	Corner Brook	32,000
Nova Scotia	Halifax	449,000	Cape Breton	100,711
Prince Edward Island	Charlottetown	80,000	Summerside	18,000
New Brunswick	Moncton	159,000	Saint john	132,000
Quebec	Montreal	4,364,000	Quebec	832,000
Ontario	Toronto	6,550,000	Ottawa	1,461,000
Manitoba	Winnipeg	850,000	Brandon	63,000
Saskatchewan	Saskatoon	337,000	Regina	263,000
Alberta	Calgary	1,543,000	Edmonton	1,469,000
British Columbia	Vancouver	2,738,000	Victoria	409,000

Urban Form and Economic Change (complete any 3)

12. Explain how and why the location of the lower classes and elite classes varies between the pre-industrial city and the two earliest industrial city models (the concentric city, and the sectoral city models) (3). Provide illustrations from the case studies (2).

13. Contrast where lower income groups (includes both poorest and working classes) are located in early industrial cities and early colonial cities (describe how the locations are similar and how are they different (3). Note that the similarities and differences can refer to both physical location, and the reasons for location. Discuss examples of one or more type of lower income neighbourhood patterns from the video case studies (2).

14. In the lectures, we examined the idea that "industrialisation is not what it used to be." Identify and briefly describe three features of post-Fordist industrialisation that are different from either early industrialisation or Fordist industrialisation (3). For one feature, give a general description from the lectures, and a specific example from the case studies of how this affected post-industrial urban form, in any part of the world (2).

15. List any three differences between the medium-sized and large post-industrial city (2). Explain how the shift from Fordist to Post-Fordist capitalism affects at least one of those differences (2) and illustrate them from an example from the case studies (1). You may also submit your own labelled diagrammes.

16. Explain how housing differs from other "commodities" (1) and discuss one problem of the housing market more fully (2). Illustrate your observations from one of the case studies (2).

Attachment:- Geography.rar