Describe the anatomy and structures involved

Reference no: EM133271987

Case Study - Anatomy and Physiology

The heart is comprised of the pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium. Pathology in any of those structures can lead to heart failure.

Mr. Henry is a 68-year old causcasian male that presents to the emergency room with shortness of breath that is worse with exertion. His legs are swollen and he reports orthopnea. Upon physical examination, lung auscultation reveals evidence of pulmonary edema and pleural effusion. Jugular venous distension is noted.

Decreased cardiac output, low blood pressure and rapid heart rate are also noted. These signs/symptoms are all consistent with left-sided heart failure. A cardiac MRI revealed significant left ventricular hypertrophy and an ejection fraction of 20%. This value of 20% is 1/3rd of normal and means that 80% of the blood stays in the ventricle.

Assignment Questions

1. Describe the anatomy and structures involved in Mr. Henry's condition. Compare the "normal" anatomy and function with the changes associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Based on your knowledge of anatomy and physiology, explain how diminished function of the left ventricle will lead to damage and/or deficits in the body. Be specific and thorough.

2. Include a labeled diagram of the heart (to be attached as an Appendix at the end of your submission). Include the chambers, valves, major vessels and all structures relevant to the case above.

3. Describe the homeostatic mechanisms that will attempt to compensate for the patient's altered clinical state. Be sure to include the respiratory system, integumentary changes, vascular compensations, etc.

4. Differentiate between right and left-sided heart failure. Include the signs/symptoms of each and explain potential causes of both conditions and the risk factors associated with them. Include possible outcomes that a patient would be at risk of experiencing if they worsen i.e. what happens if these conditions persist and worsen?

Reference no: EM133271987

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