Reference no: EM132346557

Assignment - Annual Report: Calculations and Executive Summary

Overview - Imagine that you are working as an epidemiologist in a hospital system. You are working on the organization's annual report; you must examine several pieces of data and complete calculations for an overview of what occurred in the past year. Your task for this assignment is to complete some calculations on the data, interpret the results, and prepare an executive summary of the results for hospital leadership.

The calculations you perform look at rates, risk rates, relative risk, age-adjusted rate, prevalence, incidence, and case ratios. You are required to show your work in an appendix to be included in the annual report.

Use the Internet or other resources to find executive summaries and annual reports on which to model the format of your assignment. If you wish, you may use your own organization's format and style for this assignment.

Assignment Instructions -

Step One: Calculations Complete the calculations found in the Calculations Template [DOC] linked in Resources.

Step Two: Executive Summary Create a 2 page executive summary of the results of your calculations. Your narrative need not be exhaustive, but it should be descriptive enough to address each of the following elements effectively as specified in the assignment scoring guide: Three references for 2014 upward.

Analyze statistical data to ascertain causal public health inferences.

Interpret epidemiological statistical data in public health interventions.

Evaluate public health risks using epidemiological statistical measures.

Explain reliability, precision, statistical significance, and sample size effect in epidemiological studies and research.

Describe risks related to misinterpretation of data.

Perform the following calculations -

1 - Population Description

The following vital statistics are demonstrated within a population:

Total midyear population = 25,000.

Population 65+ years old = 2,500.

Number of live births = 300.

Total deaths (for all causes) = 250.

Deaths in infants less than 1 year old = 3.

Deaths in persons 65+ years old = 75.

Complete the following calculations:

Birth rate per 1,000 = _______________.

Mortality rate per 1,000 = _______________.

Infant mortality rate per 1,000 = _______________.

Mortality rate for 65+ years old per 1,000 = _______________.

2 - Birth and Death Rates

Below you will find information on births in the community served by your system of hospitals.

Complete the calculations for birth rate, overall death rate, and infant mortality rates below:

Population Size	255,078,000
Approximate number of live births	4,065,014
Number of deaths (all ages)	2,175,631
Approximate number of deaths in infants under 1 year of age	34,553

Note: Show your work (write out your calculations).

Birth rate: _____________________________________________________________.

Overall dealth rate per 100,000:_____________________________________________.

Infant mortality rate per 1,000:______________________________________________.

3 - Accidents

The emergency room chief resident at the system's leading hospital for accidents and trauma believes that the age group comprising persons age 62 and older is the most prone to accidents.The category that holds the second greatest risk is 6- to 14-year-olds.

The chief resident has been collecting the following data on 82 patients who have presented to the ER over the past year and would like you to review and comment.

Review this information and indicate if you agree with the chief. Include a comment regarding the validity of the conclusion (include reasons why or why not):

Age in Years	Number of Accidents
0-2	5
3-5	6
6-14	18
15-21	8
22-31	5
32-41	8
42-51	7
52-61	4
62 and over	21

Comment on the chief resident's interpretation of the data.

4 - Heart Disease

Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. One of the hospitals in the system must be evaluated on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease.

100,000 patients are seen annually at the hospital. During the year, 1,000 people died there. Upon review of this information it was determined that 300 of those patients were diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and 60 of those patients died due to cardiovascular disease.

Calculate the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the hospital.

5 - Hypertension

Hypertension is one of the risk factors for stroke. You have been collecting information on the patients of a hospital who have been exhibiting symptoms of hypertension over the last five years. You had 1,000 male patients aged 40-45.

Complete the following calculations and provide an explanation of your findings:

The study began with 1,000 men (ages 40-45). Of the 1,000 men, 50 are already hypertensive. The remaining 950 are tracked over five years, during which time 64 more men develop hypertension. (Assume there is no loss to follow-up or death due to competing risks).

1. Determine the prevalence of hypertension at the beginning of the study.

2. Calculate the five-year incidence proportion (risk) of hypertension.

3. Calculate the incidence rate of hypertension in the cohort with and without an actuarial adjustment. Did the actuarial adjustment make a difference? Explain your answer.

• With the adjustment: _________________________________
• Without the adjustment: _______________________________

6 - Infections

Nosocomial infections are on the rise and are costly to the organization. You must calculate the prevalence and incidence of the infections to get a better grasp of what clinical and countermeasures need to be taken at the hospitals.

Complete the calculation below and include a narrative interpreting the results of your calculations.

(Population = 82,438,000)

Cause of Admission	Number of admits	Proportional Case Ratio (%)	Cause-specific rate per 100,000
Accidents and adverse effects	26,526
Malignant neoplasms	22,228
HIV infection	21,747
Diseases of the heart	15,822
Homicide and legal intervention	12,372
Suicide	12,281
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis	4,449
Cerebrovascular diseases	3,343
Diabetes mellitus	2,211
Pneumonia and influenza	2,203

Interpretation of Results:

Executive Summary - Create a Separate Document

Now that you have completed all of the calculations, develop a two- to three-page executive summary for the annual report detailing the findings on the calculations. Address the following questions:

• Why is this information important to the hospitals in the system?
• What might this information be used for in the organization?

Attachment:- Calculations Template.rar