Reference no: EM133424468

Question 1.

Define the following immunological terms: (5MARKS) a) Adaptive immunity b) Antibody c) Neutrophils d) Cytokine e) Cluster of differentiation f) Helper T cells g) Toxoid h) Serum i) NKT cell j) Tolerance

Question 2.

1. Describe the physicochemical and physiological factors that influence the absorption of drugs from enteral and parenteral routes.

2. Describe the factors, which determine the time course of systemic accumulation of a drug administered by infusion or multiple doses.

3. Explain how dose and elimination half-life affect the plasma concentration of a drug after administration of a single dose.

Question 3.

1. Describe THREE different mechanisms of cytotoxic T cell killing that can occur after direct contact and recognition of target cells by the effector cell.

2. During a secondary immune response, what is the process leading to higher affinity antibody responses?

3. Draw a diagram to describe the different steps in phagocytosis of a bacterium.

Question 4.

1. Most NSAIDs are polycyclic carboxylic acid derivatives with relatively low pKa values. NSAIDs are often classified on the basis of their chemical structure. List at least FOUR classes and provide two examples for each class.