Reference no: EM131118092
Part 1:
1. Describe each of the three domains of development (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial) and provide an example of each.
2.Describe one of the following theories and discuss why you agree or disagree with this theory. You can use one of the other theories to support your position.
a. Theory of moral development (Kolhberg)
b. Cognitive theory of development (Piaget)
c. Psychosocial stages of development (Erikson)
3.Think back on your high school years. Discuss how you have developed since then; cognitively, physically, and psychosocially
4.Identify three personal goals. Now, review Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Describe Maslow's theory, and explain how your goals either align or do not align with his theory. Provide specific details to demonstrate your knowledge of Maslow's theory.
5.Issues related to sexual orientation have been at the forefront of the current political landscape. What do you think about the legalization of same-sex marriage? Be sure to use appropriate language and discuss your position based on what you learned in this lesson.
6.Schools often use concrete rewards to increase adaptive behaviors. How might this be a disadvantage for students intrinsically motivated to learn? How do grades on assignments impact your learning?
7.Compare and contrast situational influences and dispositional influences and give an example of each. Explain how situational influences and dispositional influences might explain inappropriate behavior.
8.Name and describe at least three social roles you have adopted for yourself. Why did you adopt these roles? What are some roles that are expected of you, but that you try to resist?
9.Consider recent news stories on race and sex. Some people are more willing to openly display prejudice regarding sexual orientation than prejudice regarding race and gender, or maybe the other way around; some people are more willing to openly display prejudice regarding race than prejudice towards sexual orientation. Speculate why this might be. Use what you learned in this lesson to support your response.
Part 2:
1. During Piaget's pre-operational stage of development a child cannot take another person's point of view because the child's thinking is ____.
immature
cognitively deficient
egocentric
concrete
2. Infant reflexes, interest in novelty, a desire to explore and manipulate objects, an impulse to play, and basic cognitive skills are all examples of ________.
a. Psychological Research
b. Innate Human Characteristics
c. Mental Modules
d. Both a and c
3. Language is a system that combines meaningless elements such as sounds or gestures to form structured utterances that convey meaning.
True
False
4. The Attachment Theory of Love describes which of the following attachment styles?
Secure
Anxious
Avoidant
All of the above
5. A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.
case studies
experiments
naturalistic observation
surveys
6. Trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, identity versus role confusion, and generatively versus stagnation are all stages of the developmental theory proposed by psychoanalyst ________.
Jean Piaget
Erik Erikson
Noam Chomsky
7. ________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.
attachment
nourishment
regard
security
8. What kinds of experiences hinder intellectual development ________?
poor prenatal care
malnutrition and exposure to toxins
stressful family circumstances
all of the above
9. Because language is too complex to be learned bit by bit, linguist, Noam Chomsky, argued that the human brain must contain a(n) ________.
verbal gene
speech program
language acquisition devise
grammatical rule
10. Who believed that moral development, like cognitive development, follows a series of stages?
Erik Erikson
Jean Piaget
Lawrence Kohlberg
Sigmund Freud
11. The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs to self-actualization.
biological; social
social; imaginary
special; biological
special; imaginary
12. Which of the following are good examples of the security level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
confidence and accomplishment
food and shelter
friends and family
safety and employment
13. The small structure in the brain that plays a key role in scrutinizing incoming information for its emotional importance is known as the ____.
amygdala
hypothalamus
pituitary gland
14. The hormone ________ promotes sexual desire in both males and females.
estrogen
leptin
testosterone
15. According to the ________ theory of emotion, emotional experiences arise from physiological arousal.
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Schachter-Singer two-factor
Darwinian
16. Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.
dysphoria
habit
instinct
motivation
17. If someone is uncomfortable identifying with the gender normally associated with their biological sex, then he or she could be classified as experiencing __________.
homosexuality
bisexuality
heterosexuality
gender dysphoria
18. The process that takes place within people or animals that causes them to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation refers to ________.
set point
courage
fear
motivation
19. Three-year-old Tommy thinks that if he changed from wearing pants to wearing dresses he could become a girl. Tommy still lacks a stable _____.
gender typing identity
gender identity
transgender identity
20. Luis works part-time after school to earn money so he can afford a secondhand motorcycle. Luis is working because of ________ motivation.
emotion
extrinsic
habit
intrinsic
21. What is the just-world hypothesis?
a belief common in the United States that rejects the idea that people get the outcomes they deserve
a belief common in the United States that we will be rewarded in the afterlife
an ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve
an ideology common in the United States that the rich are bad people who will eventually be punished
22. Cognitive dissonance is a state of tension that occurs when a person's belief contradicts his or her behavior.
True
False
23. Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.
egocentric bias
fundamental bias
interpersonal bias
self-serving bias
24. Rules that regulate social life, including explicit laws and implicit cultural conventions are called ________.
roles
laws
nuances
norms
25. What is groupthink?
arguments between group members that result in the dissolution of the group
modification of the opinions of leadership to agree with the numerical minority
modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus
pressure from above on group members designed to eliminate leadership
26. What is a major problem with the original Milgram study?
Milgram falsified his results, making his study unreliable.
Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical.
Milgram never published his finding, making his reported results questionable.
Milgram was too truthful with his subjects, making his study invalid.
27. Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment?
Asch
Milgram
Rosenthal
Zimbardo
28. A fight breaks out on a high school campus. Even though one student is hurt and obviously needs medical attention, no one in the crowd makes an effort to assist him. Psychologists would explain an individual's reluctance to help when others are present as ________.
groupthink
diffusion of responsibility
compliance
conformity
29. A strong, unreasonable dislike or hatred of a group based on a negative stereotype is a ________.
social identity
prejudice
ethnic identity
30. An expectation that comes true because the person behaves in ways that make the expectation come true is known as a ________ prophecy.
goal specific
self-fulfilling
religious