Describe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Reference no: EM133658559

Assignment:

I. Please answer all of the following:

a. Briefly describe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

b. Compare and contrast chronic bronchitis and emphysema (include manifestations, etiologies, diagnosis and treatment).

c. Describe the pathophysiology of COPD (include heart, kidney, respiratory muscle compensations, pH discussion, ventilation/perfusion mismatching)

d. describe the conditions known as "pink puffers" and "blue bloaters". Which disease is associated with which of these?

e. What is the function of the Central chemoreceptors (CC) in the brainstem and the Peripheral Chemorecptors (PC) in the Carotid Body (Porth 10th edition, pg.885) ?

f. What happens to the CC in COPD Patients?

f. Why may it be dangerous to give patients with severe COPD high flow oxygen?

II. The purpose of this DB question block is critical thinking (which means asking "Why did something happen?"). The vast majority of myocardial infarctions (MI, or heart attacks) are caused by atherosclerosis. I want you to connect the steps from atherosclerosis to a heart attack, and the related corrections the body attempts. Discuss in detail these questions regarding cardiac disease:

a. What is atherosclerosis?

b. When atherosclerosis causes increased resistance in arterial blood vessels, how does the heart respond? How does that effect cardiac workload?

c. What is cardiomegaly and How does atherosclerosis cause it?

d. What is the "cardiovascular reflex" and how does it work?

e. Describe what happens to the myocardial cells during and after a myocardial infarction.

f. What is the renin-angiotensin system and how does that make myocardial disease worse?

g. Describe Stable angina and unstable angina.

Reference no: EM133658559

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