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In discussion of the silicon MOSFET development, one set of the problems that hindered the technology was surface effects, these surface effects originate from dangling bonds at the surface of silicon.
a) calculate the number of si atoms/cm2 on the (100) surface of silicon. How many dangling bonds do you expect from your surface atom? How many dangling bonds/cm2 do you expect for the (100) si surface.b) Calculate the number of dangling bonds that may be included under the gate of a MOSFET for 45 nm technology.c) Oxidation, essential to MOSFET technology, help "passivate" the dangling bonds, what that means?d) Oxidation itself not enough to passivate the bonds. Describe an additional process step used in the fabrication of MOSFETs used to help passivate surface states.
SSB has an advantage over AM with respect to efficiency and power gain. Why, then, is AM commercial broadcast being replaced with SSB transmission
design the sign extension component of an I-Format Data Path Unit, where a 16 bit number will be extended to a 32-bit number, while mainintaing the sign (signed numbers use 2s complement).
Developing secret codes has interested people for centuries. A simple coding scheme can be developed by replacing each character in a text file by another character that is a fixed number of positions away in the collating sequence.
Write the difference equation for a four-term moving average filter. The input cos(n/3)u[n] is then passed through the four-term moving average filter. Solve for the first 5 samples of the output.
(a) Howmany 256M X 16 RAMchips are needed to provide amemory capacity of 8 GB (b) How many address lines are needed to address this memory (c) How many address lines need to go to each chip
A three-phase, 2000-kVA, 12-kV, 1800-rpm synchronous generator has a synchronous reactance of 20 ohms per phase and negligible armature resistance.a. The field current is adjusted to obtain the rated terminal voltage at open circuit.
a thermocouple is a heat-sensing device that typically outputs a signal in microvolts, such as 10 microvolts.if the signal transmitted to the controller needed to be 10 volts, what approximate amplification would the transmitter need to supply
Analyze the synchrounous circuit with input X and output Z constructed with two flip flop of JK type with outputs QA and QB. The flip flop input exciatation are as follows: JA=XQB; KA=0; Jb=XQA'; KB=QA. the output equation is Z=XQB'.
A tank circuit coil is operating at a resonance frequency fres = 20 MHz; The circuit must operate with a bandwidth of 200 kHz. What is quality factor, Q, for the coil
If the SNR must be greater than 40 dBm, how far backed-off must the amplifier operate. Assume noise comes from a third-order intermodulation between two interferers with the same power level as the wanted signal.
In a unity feedback system, the open-loop transfer function is of the form Gol(s) = k/(1+s/ωp). Calculate the bandwidth of the closed-loop transfer function. How does the bandwidth depend on K and ωp
where R is the resistance at temperature T(measured in C), R0 is the resistance at T = 0 C and α is a temperature coefficient. For copper, α = 4 * 10-3 C-1 . At what temperature is the resistance greater than R0 by 1 percent
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