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How much oxygen is attually consumed depends on the extent to which the waste is biodegradable, that is. amenable to oxidation by microbes. Ammonia is totally biodegradable, and thus the theoretical nitrogenous oxygen demand (NOD) and the nitrogenous biochemical oxygen demand ultimately exerted (NBOD) are equal. Not so for carbonaceous com-pounds: the carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand ultimately exerted (CBOD) may be significantly less than the ThOD if the compound is poorly degradable. To test this. oxygen consumption is measured in the laboratory, inhibiting the oxidation of ammonia so that only carbonaceous oxygen de-mand is exerted. The measurement is made over a period of five days, yielding the 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (COOD5). The waste from Problem 5-8 was found to have a CBOD5 of 90 mg/L and
Problem 5-8
Organic carbon (C) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3) are oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrate (NO3-) respectively, by bacteria that are naturally present in wastewater and in natural systems such as lakes and rivers. Both of these reactions consume oxygen and may cause a negative impact on water quality. The amount of oxygen theoretically required to consume a carbonaceous (ThOD) or nitrogenous (NOD) waste may be calculated according to the stoichiometry of the reactions as outlined in this chapter. The production of coke, a fuel produced from coal for use in steel mills, generates a waste gram rich in ammonia, phenol, and naphthalene. Calculate the NOD and ThOD of a waste containing 25 mg/L of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), 50 ing/L of phenol (C6H5OH). and 150 mg/L of naphthalene (C10H8). What is the total theoretical oxygen demand of the waste?
A sample of mortar fills a900 ml beaker. The mortar and beaker combined weighs 3 lb and theempty beaker weighs 2 oz. What is the weight density of this mortar sample
A quality characteristic is monitored by a control chart designed so the probability that a certain out-of-control condition will be detected on the first sample following the shift to that state is 1-beta. Find the following:
To add the two amounts, you'll need to carry 1 shilling when the pence value is greater than 11, and carry 1 pound when there are more than 19 shillings.
a concrete foundation mat in the shape of a regular hexagon ofnbspside 12 ft supports four column loads as shown.
Water flows in a circular pipe of diameter D at a depth y (
The basic barometer can be used to measure the height of abuilding. If the barometric readings at the top and at the bottomof a building are 28.7 and 29.7 in Hg, respectively, determine the height of the building in feet.
A completely reversible heat engine operates with a source at 1500 R and a sink at 500 R. At what rate must heat be supplied to this engine, in Btu/h, for it to produce 5 hp of power?
a temporary diversion has been constructed on a highway due to major repairs thatnbspare being undertaken on a bridge.
a volumen of 20 cu ft of air at pressure of 50 psig is heated and expanded and to 30 cu ft and 40psig find the changes in the energy of air in jouls.
If this maximum speed is 35 mi/hr for a 3000-lb car, determine its lateral acceleration capability an in g's and compute the magnitude F of the total friction force exerted by the pavement on the car tires.
A four- lane undivided multilane highway ( two lanes in each direction) has 11- ft lanes and 5- ft shoulders. At one point along the highway there is a 4% upgrade that is 0.62 mi long. There are 15 access points along this grade.
For n alloy with composition of 25 wt% Ag-75 wt% Cu and at 775?C do the following (a) Determine the mass fractions of ? and ? phases. (b) Determine the mass fractions of primary ? and eutectic microconstituents. (c) Determine the mass fraction of eut..
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