Reference no: EM13215734
Organic Structure Part 2
Objectives: The primary objective of this lab is to build simple organic molecules using model kits in order to visualize the 3-D structure, then to become familiar with depicting the 3-D structures as 2-D using the MarvinSketch applet.
Note: There are some changes in this lab report form and the lab that arrived in your kit. Please complete this form and submit.
Alkenes
A. Cis-Trans (Geometric) Isomerism.
Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing one or more double bonds. They are unsaturated. They are named according to the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms, adding -ene to the end, and using a number to indicate the position of the double bonds, if necessary. The simplest alkene is ethene, CH2=CH2, also known by the common name, ethylene.
1. Make a model of butane. The structure is shown below using the line drawing and the structural formula.
or CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
Rotate the single carbon-carbon bonds such that the end methyl (CH3) groups are on opposite sides of the center carbons.
Rotate the single carbon-carbon bonds such that the end methyl groups are on the same side of the center carbons.
2. Would the structures you have produced in parts a and b be considered isomers of one another? Explain your answer.
3. What are the bond angles and molecular geometry around the carbon atoms?
4. Make a model of cis-2-butene (both methyl groups are on the same side of the double bond). The structural formula for cis-2-butene is shown below:
CH3 CH3
| |
H - C = C - H
Or use the drawing program to get:
cis-2-butene
5. Try to rotate or "spin" the middle carbon atoms. Is this possible with the double bond? Describe what you see.
6. What is the bond angle and molecular geometry around the 2 middle carbon atoms?
Now, make a model of trans-2-butene (the end methyl groups are on the opposite sides of the carbon-carbon double bond).
The structural formula for trans-2-butene is shown in two ways below:
Note: this depicts 4 carbons, and it is understood that each C has 4 bonds. Therefore the end Carbons have 3 H's each and the middle Carbons have 1 H each.
H - C = C - CH3
| |
CH3 H
7. What are the bond angles and molecular geometry around the double bonded carbons?
8. Can your cis-2-butene model be converted into the trans-2-butene model without breaking bonds?
9. The cis- and trans-2-butenes are called geometric isomers. Why are they given this name?
10. Define the term structural isomer (from Organic Structure I) and explain how it differs from a geometric isomer.
|
Find the ratio of the atomic mass of s to the atomic mass
: Every 100.00 g of the compound SiH4 contains 87.45 g of Si and 12.55 g of H. Find the ratio of the atomic mass of S to the atomic mass of H.
|
|
Explain the reasons why it is an incomplete hedge
: If 6% coupon three year Commonwealth bond Futures contracts are currently trading at a price of 95.505, how many contracts does the portfolio manager need to buy/sell to hedge the portfolio? Explain the reasons why you think this may be an incompl..
|
|
Describe 3 types of marine life
: Describe 3 types of marine life and how they are affected by the increase of acidity in the oceans.
|
|
What is the percent of magnesium in magnesium phosphate
: what is the percent of magnesium in magnesium phosphate?
|
|
Define the term structural isomer
: What is the bond angle and molecular geometry around the 2 middle carbon atoms?
|
|
Compute warrens actual return on plan assets
: For Warren Corporation, year-end plan assets were $2,144,800. At the beginning of the year, plan assets were $1,755,200. During the year, contributions to the pension fund were $120,000, and benefits paid were $200,000.
|
|
Why the lifo method of inventory value is used
: Of the unamortized discount on bonds payable, $2,000 will be amortized in 2009. The notes payable represent bank loans that are secured by long-term investments carried at $120,000. These bank loans are due in 2009.
|
|
Explain what will the marginal cost of capital
: What will the marginal cost of capital be immediately after that point? At what size capital structure will there be a change in the cost of debt
|
|
Why is cost accounting so important to the success of firm
: Why is cost accounting so important to the success of the firm What are the various methods of cost accounting and how are they used The Final Paper: Must be eight- to ten- double-spaced pages in length and formatted according to APA style as outl..
|