Define hyponatremia and hyperkalemia

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Reference no: EM133201442 , Length: 1 Pages

Angela was a 24-year-old female felt swollen, weak, and fatigued for several months. She suddenly noticed her urine had a red-brown discoloration and was low in volume. She went to the emergency room of a nearby hospital and the following data were obtained upon examination and testing:

Hematology:

Serum sodium

124 mEq/L

Serum potassium

6 mEq/L

Serum creatinine

2.5 mg/dL

BUN

24.0 mg/dL

pH (arterial)

7.31

Hematocrit

25%

Urinalysis:

Appearance

Red to brown

Specific gravity

1.025

Blood

Positive

Glucose

Negative

Protein

Mild

Renal Function Tests:

GFR (glomerular filtration rate)

40 mL/min

RBF (renal blood flow)

280 mL/min

1) A. What was Angela's disorder?

B. Aside from diabetes, what could cause this disorder?

2) Define hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.

3) What is the cause of the hyponatremia and hyperkalemia?

4) Specifically, what would happen within the kidneys that could lead to blood in Angela's urine?

5) How do Angela's renal function tests compare to normal?

6) Why does Angela have fluid retention and swelling? Base your answer on her test results from above.

Reference no: EM133201442

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