Reference no: EM132389180

• Define Echolocation. How does it work? What kinds of living things are able to echolocate?

  • Explain how moths and big brown bats are an example of co-evolution, naming at least one relevant adaptation of each.
  • As they hunt nocturnally, Big Brown Bats make different kinds of ultrasonic vocalizations depending on how close they detect their prey to be. As they scan widely for their moth prey, vocalizations are given about 1 time per second, but this increases to 12 times per second as the moth zeroes in on its target. The last part of the vocalization is the "terminal buzz" where the bat increases the rate of its vocalizations to 160 times per second right before it bites down for the kill.
  • Bat-and-Moth biologist Aaron Corcoran performed an experiment where a moth was mounted on a stand in a dark box, and bat vocalizations were played to it, and the moth's behavior recorded. 10-second bursts of 3 different kinds of vocalizations were played to the moths- the 1-per-second wide range scan, the 12-per-second scan, and the 160-per-second terminal buzz.
  • Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable of the experiment.
  • What might a reasonable hypothesis have been for this experiment?
  • Explain the evolutionary purpose for Toxoplasma and Lycaenid caterpillars changing the behavior of their hosts and attendants.