Reference no: EM133190641

Ch 1 - p. 5-25, sections 1.1-1.3

As you are reading, focus on getting a good sense of the core ideas about "how people work" and how these ideas have changed and less on specific names and dates.

Question:

1. Before Wundt and James started examining psychology empirically, most of the thinking about the mind and behavior was done by...

• priests
• philosophers
• chemists
• magicians

2. Complete this sentence to describe the empirical approach used in psychology and all sciences.

• A researcher wanting to understand more about how or why something happens starts with a research .
• She then considers what is already known to come up with a potential explanation, or , that is testable.
• Next she determines how to test the explanation - such as setting up an .
• She then shares the results and her methods so that others can her work.

3. In behaviorism, psychologists study reflexes as a window on learning. What is a reflex?

• a method of studying psychology by asking people about their experiences
• an unconscious response to a stimulus
• the Greek word for action
• the perspective that the whole cannot be understood completely by examining its component parts.

4.Humanism is a reaction to behaviorism and psychoanalysis. It's perspective is that

• that behavior is dictated by consequences to actions.
• that humans are unique and that studying animals as a way to understand people is inherently doomed for failure.
• that as long as people get food, water, and safety, they will turn out ok.
• humans are inherently good and with understanding people's needs and how to support them in meeting them, everyone can be better.

5. As with any science, psychology is broken into areas of specialization (which have more specialization and so on).
Match the following broad areas of psychology with their topic of focus.

• how the principles of psychology can inform management decisions such as hiring, office organization, or management strategies.
• the relationship between our thoughts and actions. Some areas of focus are language acquisition, problem solving, and memory creation.
• how human behaviors and mental processes change as we age.
• the interactions between people and their influences on behavior.
• the impact of someone's physical state, psychological state, and social environment on their well being.

A.Health psychologists study

B.Social psychologists study

C.Developmentalpsychologists study

D.Cognitivepsychologists study

E.Industrial-Organizational psychologists study

6. Place the following perspectives in order of oldest (first) to newest (last).

• Multicultural Psychology: examining the influences of society and culture on behaviors and mental functions.
• Behaviorism: Examining the functioning of the brain through observing behaviors in controlled environments.
• Cognitivism: Examining the mind and its functions in reaction to the the focus solely on behaviors
• Structuralism: an effort to define the characteristics of the mind through introspection.
• Gestalt Psychology: examining human experience as a whole that is more that its component characteristics.
• Functionalism: examining how the characteristics and functioning of the mind interacted with the world though introspection and by recording and measuring behaviors and anatomy.

7. Evolutionary psychology focuses on ...

• the behaviors and mind set of protesters and soldiers.
• the psychological characteristics of chimpanzees
• the relationship between current human behaviors and pre-historic needs
• the change in psychology research methods over time