Reference no: EM133466841

Questions

1. Viruses that infect bacterial cells are called bacteriophages.

True

False

2. Chlorine and iodine are examples of halogens used to control microbial growth.

True

False

3. Which term describes the stage of viral replication when the viral nucleic acids take over the host cell's replication machinery?

Adsorption

Synthesis

Penetration

Assembly

4. The ability of resident microbiota to defend the human host against invading pathogen is known as microbial antagonism.

True

False

5. Which of the following best describes the adaptive immune system?

A highly specific immune response to a pathogen

Generalized and nonspecific set of defenses against pathogens

Chemical and physical barriers that prevent pathogens from entering the host

The production of fever against pathogens

6. Which enzyme is primarily responsible for adding nucleotides in the leading DNA strand in bacterial DNA replication?

Helicase

DNA polymerase III

Ligase

Telomerase

7. Diseases that are contracted as the result of a medical procedure, such as a surgery or catheterization, are known as iatrogenic diseases.

True

False

8. An inanimate object that can transmit pathogens to a susceptible host is called a _____.

Vector

Fomite

Reservoir

Transporter

9. Which is an example of a gram-positive bacteria commonly found on the skin surface?

Candida albicans

Lactobacillus acidophilus

S. epidermidis

E. coli

10. Which of the following is an example of direct transmission of a pathogen?

Skin to skin contact with an infected wound

Injection with a contaminated needle

Drinking contaminated water

Getting bitten by a mosquito

11. An enzyme called _______ extends the DNA strands with each replication by adding repetitive nucleotide sequences to help maintain the integrity of the genetic material.

Helicase

Ligase

Telomerase

Topoisomerase

12. The capacity of a pathogen to invade and harm host cells in an infection is called ______.

Virulence

Strength

Resistance

Competence

13. Prokaryotes can share genetic material with another organism within the same generation through horizontal gene transfer (HGT).

True

False

14. In the binomial system of naming organisms, the genus name is always capitalized, and the species name is always lower case.

True

False

15. Infections caused by microorganisms already present in the body are known as exogenous infections.

True

False

16. Most human pathogens are classified as mesophiles.

True

False

17. Which statement best describes the genetic material found in human cells?

Single linear chromosome

Multiple linear chromosomes

Single circular chromosome

Multiple circular chromosomes

18. Which is an example of a eukaryotic, single-celled organism that moves using pseudopods, cilia, and/or flagella?

Bacteria

Protozoa

Prions

Fungi

19. Which is an example of moist heat used to control microbial growth?

Incineration

Autoclaving

Filtration

UV Light

20. Which are the most common portals of entry used by pathogens to enter the host?

Skin and mucous membranes

Genitourinary and digestive tract

Circulatory system and across the placenta

Respiratory and genitourinary tracts

21. Prokaryotes have one origin of replication per chromosome during DNA replication.

True

False

22. The lowest temperature that promotes the continued growth and metabolism of an organism is called the ______.

Optimum temperature

Maximum temperature

Minimum temperature

Opportunistic temperature

23. Which of the following contains membrane-bound organelles?

Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes

Prions

Viruses

24. Which microorganism includes plant-like organisms such as plankton, seaweed, and kelp?

Helminths

Viruses

Prion

Algae

25. Conjugation is the process where DNA is transferred directly from one prokaryote to another using a hollow tube called a conjugation pilus.

True

False

26. Tetrad is defined as which of the following?

Pair of spheres

Chain of rods

Cluster of spheres

Grouping of four cells

27. The lytic cycle of bacteriophage replication results in the destruction of the host cell as the new viruses are released.

True

False

28. Binary fission is a form of reproduction used by ________.

Viruses

Bacteria

Animal cells

Helminths

29. Prions are associated with neurodegenerative disorders in animals and humans called spongiform encephalopathies.

True

False

30. Mutation that occurs due to exposure to physical or chemical agents are called spontaneous mutations.

True

False

31. Which of the following describes the bacterial arrangement in the image?

Streptobacillus

Staphylococcus

Diplobacillus

Streptococcus

32. Which of the following describes a bacteria cell that is shaped like a long, helical spiral?

Coccus

Spirochete

Vibrio

Bacillus

33. Which microorganism has a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan?

Algae

Bacteria

Viruses

Prions

34. Gram-negative organisms appear purple under the microscope after the final step of the gram stain procedure?

True

False

35. Which of the following chemical groups can destroy all microorganisms including endospores?

Alcohols

Phenols

Gaseous sterilants

Detergents

36. Which of the following is NOT an example of a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?

A client develops a urinary tract infection after a urinary catheter is placed during surgery

A client presents to the emergency department (ED) with a severe cough and fever

A client in the intensive care unit (ICU) develops a respiratory infection after being on a ventilatory

A client who underwent knee replacement surgery develops a surgical site infection

37. Which of the following describes a bacteria cell that is shaped like a rod?

Coccus

Staphylococcus

Spirochete

Bacillus

Bottom of Form

38. Which is an example of an acellular organism that requires a host cell to replicate?

Bacteria

Viruses

Prions

Algae

39. Prokaryotes contains membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies.

True

False

40. The destruction or removal of vegetative pathogens except for endospores on an inanimate object is called ______________.

Disinfection

Degermation

Sanitization

Sterilization

41. Which nitrogenous bases are correctly paired?

Adenine (A) and Cytosine (C)

Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)

Guanine (G) and Thymine (T)

Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G)

42. A mutation in a single base that does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein produced is called a _______ mutation.

Frameshift

Silent

Nonsense

Missense

43. Which microorganism would most likely display the growth pattern shown in the image below?

Microaerophile

Obligate aerobe

Facultative anaerobe

Obligate anaerobe

44. The purine bases of DNA are adenine (A) and guanine (G).

True

False

45. __________ is a mechanism in which genes are transferred to a cell through a viral vector.

Transduction

Transformation

Conjugation

Lysogenesis

46. Which microorganism is often found in extreme environments such as hot springs and the ocean floor?

Viruses

Archaea

Prions

Fungi

47. Which of the following is a chemical means of controlling microbial growth?

Halogens

Filtration

Incineration

Ultraviolet radiation

48. Which describes a chemical that kills spores, hyphae, and yeasts?

Virucide

Bactericide

Fungicide

Sporicide

49. During the penetration step of viral replication, the virus is engulfed by the host cell by a process known as ______.

Endocytosis

Pinocytosis

Exocytosis

DiffusionBottom of Form

50. Prokaryotes replicate by undergoing mitosis and meiosis.

True

False