Reference no: EM131732758
Concepts of Pharmaceutical Science
Problem 4. Analysis of antagonist potency in tissue (Schild analysis).
Below are the results of stimulating an isolated rat ileum (part of the small intestine) with an agonist. The agonist's molar concentrations are presented in the leftmost (first) column (Example, 3E-07 = 3x10-7 M = 300 nM). The normalized control responses to the agonist are presented in the second column as a percentage of the maximum muscle contraction. These measurements are repeated in the presence of an antagonist at varying concentrations. The molar concentration of the antagonist is placed at the top of each subsequent column going to the right, and the responses of the tissue are shown below.
|
For Antag
|
|
For Antag -9 M
|
|
For Antag = 2x10-8 M
|
|
For Antag=
2x10-7
M
|
|
|
Agonist (M)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.003
|
|
|
|
|
98.67
|
|
88.22
|
|
|
0.001
|
|
|
99.56
|
|
96.12
|
|
|
|
|
0.0005
|
|
|
99.13
|
|
92.52
|
|
|
|
|
0.0003
|
|
|
98.55
|
|
88.13
|
|
42.83
|
|
|
0.0001
|
99.60
|
|
95.79
|
|
|
|
19.98
|
|
|
0.00005
|
99.21
|
|
91.91
|
|
|
|
11.10
|
|
|
0.00003
|
98.68
|
|
87.21
|
|
42.61
|
|
6.97
|
|
|
0.00001
|
96.15
|
|
|
|
19.84
|
|
2.44
|
|
|
0.000005
|
92.59
|
|
|
|
11.01
|
|
|
|
|
0.000003
|
88.24
|
|
40.54
|
|
6.91
|
|
|
|
|
0.000001
|
|
|
18.52
|
|
2.42
|
|
|
|
|
5E-07
|
|
|
10.20
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.00E-07
|
42.86
|
|
6.38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00E-07
|
20.00
|
|
2.22
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.00E-08
|
11.11
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.00E-08
|
6.98
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.00E-08
|
2.44
|
|
|
|
|
The experiment involves taking smooth muscle in a bath connected to a force transducer. Full activation with agonist gives a 10 gm contraction with maximum agonist and no antagonist. Varying doses of agonist are given in the presence or absence of 3 doses of antagonist. Some data is missing. The data is recorded as % of maximum response:
Questions:
Is the antagonist a competitive or noncompetitive antagonist? Justify your answer by showing a plot.
Define pA2 in your own words.
Calculate pA2 of the antagonist. (Hint: To calculate pA2, you need to compare equivalent responses. What plot can you use to linearize the responses, so you can compare equivalent responses? Show your linearized results and how you used them to calculate pA2) Convert pA2 to a concentration.
Why do you need to compare equivalent responses? Why is this analysis useful? Give two examples
|
Who was be impacted by the given decision
: Who (individual or group) was/will be impacted by this decision? Questions you believe readers should consider about case that will addsubstance to learning.
|
|
Calculate the cost of equity using the sml method
: Calculating the Cost of Equity. Pierce Industries stock has a beta of 1.08. The company just paid a dividend of $1.05, and the dividends are expected to grow.
|
|
Musculoskeletal system diagnosis
: Musculoskeletal System Diagnosis, just been diagnosed with a Muscular Skeletal system disease or condition
|
|
Adjusted cash flow from assets
: Ward Corp. is expected to have an EBIT of $1.9 million next year. Depreciation, the increase in net working capital, and capital spending are expected.
|
|
Concepts of pharmaceutical science
: Concepts of Pharmaceutical Science, Why do you need to compare equivalent responses
|
|
Communications and network security
: Must post first. After reading this week's materials, please respond to one or more of the following questions.
|
|
Analyze the climate of the time period in terms of political
: HCA415 - Examine how this individual overcame - Analyze the climate of the time period in terms of political, socioeconomic, environmental and technological
|
|
What is new estimate of the current share price
: Adjusted Cash Flow from Assets. In the previous problem, instead of a perpetual growth rate in adjusted cash flow from assets.
|
|
What is the price per share of the company stock
: Adjusted Cash Flow from Assets. You have looked at the current financial statements for Reigle Homes, Co. The company has an EBIT of $2.95 million this year.
|