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1. This is a continuation of Problem Set 9, Question 1. Here, you are asked to do an energetic yield analysis for the complete oxidation of Palmitic Acid as an example of a saturated fatty acid. As in the previous problem, assume a P/O ratio of 2.5 for NADH (i.e. 2.5 ATP's per NADH oxidized in oxidative phosphorylation). a. Complete the table for the complete β-oxidation of Palmitic acid (16:0) to CO2 and HOH: Substrate level NADH FADH2 Phosphorylations Metabolic Stage yield yield (cost or yield) CoA activation : ______ ______ ______ β-oxidation ( ____ cycles) : ______ ______ ______ TCA ( ____ cycles) : ______ ______ ______ Sub-Total : ______ ______ ______ Summary Oxidative Phosphorylation : _____ NADH ? _2.5_ ATP = _____ ATP _____ FADH2 ? _1.5_ ATP = _____ ATP Substrate level Phosphorylation : _____ ATP Grand Total _____ ATP b. Complete a similar calculation for the complete oxidation of Palmitoleic acid (16:1) to CO2 and HOH. Make any adjustments to the table as required. 2. A bacterium is in the process of acclimating to a higher temperature environment. How would you expect the fatty acid complement (types and relative amounts of fatty acids) in the bacterial membrane to change in response to the higher temperature? Why? 3. What is the energetic price, in terms of ATP equivalents, of breaking down myristic acid (C14:0) to acetyl~CoA and then resynthesizing it? 4. Below is a list of seven 2 carbon compounds (except CO2 which was doubled to make 2 carbons). Arrange these compounds in order of increasing oxidation level (i.e. from most reduced to most oxidized). CH3COH HOOC-COOH CH3COOH 2 CO2 CH2=CH2 CH3-CH3 CH3CH2OH Due: 25 April 2016 5. Phospholipid lateral motion in a membrane is characterized by a diffusion coefficient (D) of about 1?10-8 cm2/sec. The distance (r) traveled in two dimensions (over the surface of (or in the plane of) the membrane) in a period of time (t) is given by r = (4Dt) ½, where r is the distance traveled in cm, D is the diffusion coefficient, and t is the time in seconds during which diffusion occurs. a. Calculate the distance traveled by a phospholipid across a bilayer in 10 milliseconds (ms). Protein lateral motion is much slower than that of lipids because proteins are much larger than lipids. Also, some membrane proteins can diffuse freely through a membrane, while others are bound or anchored to other structures in the membrane. The diffusion coefficient for the membrane protein fibronectin is approximately 0.7?10-12 cm2/sec, whereas that for rhodopsin is about 3?10-9 cm2/sec. b. Calculate the distance traveled by each of these proteins in 10 ms. c. What can you surmise about the interaction between these proteins and other membrane or cytoskeletal components? d. Sketch the results that you would expect from fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments with labels attached to each of these components individually (phospholipid, fibronectin and rhodopsin). (You should show three curves.) Ref: page 383 in text and the last slide in Unit 12 Part 1.
The the codont versus therapod origin theories have been a controversy for a long time. Compare them to any more current theory that has recently emerged.
I'm stuck doing a paper on the Amygdala specifically what happens during inhibitory Gating of LTP in the Lateral Amydgala. I'm finding myself totally lost....
Was the method used to test the predictions experimental - The time duration for which the jerk lasted was also calculated and kept in the record
What is meant by energy coupling? Which molecule is most commonly used in energy coupling? Discuss enzyme and catalyst
Was there any noticeable effect on the germination rate of the radish seeds as a result of the pH? Compare and contrast the growth rate for control with the alkaline and acidic solutions.
Which contains all of the rest?
What type of bone tissue makes up the majority of the vertebral body and describe the structure and function of this type of bone and what type of bone makes up the majority of the diaphysis
Select an article from a magazine or newspaper that has something in it that pertains to biology. This will serve as the "target article" for this assignment. For instance, you can select an article about medicine, invasive species, nature, conser..
A 10 year old girl lacerates her thumb picking up broken glass in the kitchen. Four hours later, the wound appears red and swollen. Compared to granulation tissue, the scar tissue that forms in this patient's hand will contained more of which of t..
Which statement is not true about the menstrual cycle?
Most transposable elements are flanked by short direct repeats. How are these direct repeats formed? Which of the following is false concerning DNA replication in bacterial cells when compared to eucaryotic cells? Which of the following is false conc..
therapeutic index (i.e. concentration in plasma at which drugs is inhibits major clot formation, but does not prevent basal levels of clotting in response to injury). In plasma, the drug is highly protein bound with 99% found bound to various serum p..
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