Reference no: EM133028751 , Length: 3 pages

COMP3160 Artificial Intelligence - Macquarie University

SECTION A

QUESTION A1.
Explain what an intelligent agent is and what its main characteristics are in order to qualify as ‘intelligent'. Write no more than 60 words in total.

QUESTION A2.
The following graphic is an illustration of the Turing test. Describe the setup of the Turing test and explain what this test tries to measure. Write no more than 80 words in total.

QUESTION A3.
Explain what the two main purposes of prompts are in a spoken language dialogue system.
Write no more than 40 words in total.

QUESTION A4.
The aim of the following Python code is to implement an iterative version of depth-first traversal of a graph. Unfortunately, the code contains two errors; identify these errors.

def iterative_dfs(graph, start, path = []): stack = [graph]
while stack:
vertex = stack.pop(0) if vertex not in path:
path = path + [vertex]
stack = stack + graph[vertex] return path

QUESTION A5.
Explain why a greedy search alorithm does not find (most of the time) an optimal solution and give an example that illustrates when you would use such an algorithm. Write no more than 60 words in total.

QUESTION A6.
What is semi-supervised machine learning? Provide an example that illustrates how semi- supervised machine learning works. Write no more than 80 words in total.

QUESTION A7.
Explain what the two main challenges of machine learning are and discuss what can go wrong in a machine learning project. Write no more than 80 words in total.

QUESTION A8.
Describe how an artificial neuron works and what role the activation function plays in such a neuron. Write no more than 60 words in total.

SECTION B

QUESTION B1.

(a) Briefly describe the role of crossover in Genetic Algorithms (GA). Limit your answer to 40 words.
(b) Briefly describe what Bayes' Rule is. Limit your answer to 40 words.

QUESTION B2.
Consider the game of Prisoners Dilemma. Determine if it is, or it is not, a Perfect Infor- mation game, and a Zero-Sum game. Limit your answer to 60 words.

QUESTION B3.

Determine if the claim:

P (h|e) ≥ P (h)
is true or false. Explain your answer in no more than 60 words.

QUESTION B4.

(a) Suppose you are using a genetic algorithm and you have the two individuals repre- sented as the following bit-strings: 00110110 and 11100110. After applying a successor function, you get the following two strings as result: 01110110 and 11100100. What successor function is it that was applied? Explain your answer in no more than 40 words
(b) Describe in no more than 40 words the role and significance of crossover in Genetic Algorithms (GA).

QUESTION B5.
Describe what trail intensity is, and outline its significance in Ant Colony Optimisation.
Limit your answer to 60 words.

QUESTION B6.
Consider the following game and identify any Pure Strategy Nash equilibria it may have.
Limit your answer to 60 words.

                                   Row

                              Left    Right
Column       Top       (5, 1)  (5, 1)
                Bottom     (4, 2)  (6, 0)

QUESTION B7.
Very briefly explain with an appropriate simple example the difference between what α and β denote in α-β pruning in the context of MINIMAX search. Limit your answer to 60 words.

QUESTION B8.
Explain whether (and why) a bidder should (or should not) bid their true valuation at an English Auction. Limit your answer to 60 words.

QUESTION B9.
Consider the following variation of the well-known belief network shown below.

It formalizes the following situation:

You have a new burglar alarm installed at home. It is fairly reliable detecting a burglary, but also responds on occasion to minor earthquakes. You also have two neighbours, John and Mary, who promised to call you at work when they hear the alarm. Your home insurance company who monitors the state of the alarm is also obliged to inform you when the alarm goes off. John quite reliably calls when he hears the alarm, but sometimes confuses the telephone ringing with the alarm and calls then too. Mary, on the other hand, likes rather loud music and sometimes misses the alarm altogether. The insurance company almost always calls when there is an alarm, and almost never calls if there is no alarm.

(a) Calculate the probability that no mishap has happened, the alarm has not gone off, and only John of all your informants called you:
P (¬Burglary ∧ ¬Earthquake ∧ ¬Alarm ∧ JohnCalls ∧ ¬MaryCalls ∧ ¬InsurerCalls).

(b) Calculate the probability of the alarm going off given that the insurer has called:P (Alarm | InsurerCalls ).

Attachment:- Artificial Intelligence.rar