Reference no: EM132413991

Psychology course - Child Development

PROBLEM 1. Jenna observes that she is better at acting than her peers but not so good at basketball. Jenna is engaging in:

Social comparisons.

Perspective taking.

Attribution retraining.

Emotional self-efficacy.

PROBLEM 2. Preschoolers' understanding that sugar continues to exist when it is dissolved in water is evidence that they:

Can overcome appearances and think logically in familiar contexts.

Can think logically even about unfamiliar topics.

Are incapable of logical thought, as Piaget asserted.

Do not understand cause-and-effect relationships.

PROBLEM 3. Which of the following approaches is likely to be seen in a Vygotskian classroom?

Opportunities for active participation.

An emphasis on teacher-directed instruction.

Activities developed to foster peer collaboration.

Learning experiences designed to promote independent exploration.

PROBLEM 4. According to Piaget, 4-year-olds cannot solve a conservation-of-liquid problem because they:

Focus on the height of the water, failing to realize that changes in width compensate for the changes in height.

Do not notice the difference in appearance between the water levels in the two glasses.

Have limited experience with the task materials.

Do not understand the point of the PROBLEM, "Which glass holds more water?"

PROBLEM 5. The experience of going to school seems to:

Delay mastery of conservation.

Promote mastery of Piagetian tasks.

Delay mastery of transitive inference.

Speed up the continuum of acquisition.

PROBLEM 6. The most frequent cause of school absence is:

Oversleeping.

Asthma.

The flu.

The common cold.

PROBLEM 7. Most investigations into theory of mind address children's ability to:

Detect their own and other people's perceptions, feelings, desires, and beliefs.

Keep track of the sources of information in memory.

Monitor progress toward a goal and redirect unsuccessful efforts.

Use mnemonic strategies on tests of memory.

PROBLEM 8. An obese child is more than ____ percent over healthy weight, based on body mass index.

15.

20.

25.

30.

PROBLEM 9. Children whose parents use a(n) ___________ child-rearing style feel especially good about themselves.

Authoritarian.

Permissive.

Authoritative.

Uninvolved.

PROBLEM 10. In early and middle childhood, children add about _____ inches in height and _____ pounds in weight each year.

1 to 2; 3.

2 to 3; 5.

3 to 4; 7.

4 to 5; 10.

PROBLEM 11. Which of the following is true about reducing prejudices?

Long-term contact and collaboration in neighborhoods, schools, and communities may be the best way to reduce prejudices.

Children assigned to cooperative learning groups with peers of diverse backgrounds have fewer prejudices even with regard to out-group members who are not part of the learning teams.

Classrooms that expose children to broad ethnic diversity often cause children to form negative biases about out-group members.

The more children believe that personalities are fixed, the more they report liking and perceiving themselves as similar to members of disadvantaged groups.

PROBLEM 12. Six-year-old Augustus watches about three hours of television per day. Research reveals that Augustus is likely to accumulate _____ percent __________ body fat than children devoting 1.75 hours per day to television.

20; less.

20; more.

40; less.

40; more.

PROBLEM 13. African-American parents' communication style with their children emphasizes ________ over _________.

Facts; emotional and social concerns.

Quick-witted jokes; serious conversation.

Emotional and social concerns; facts about the world.

Facts; problem solving.

PROBLEM 14. Five-year-old Sasha is participating in Piaget's three-mountains problem. When Sasha is asked to choose the picture that shows what the display looks like from the doll's perspective, he will most likely:

Choose the correct picture but not be able to explain why he chose that picture.

Know that the correct picture is different from his point of view but not be sure which picture to choose.

Choose the picture that shows his own point of view.

Choose the correct picture and be able to explain why he chose that picture.

PROBLEM 15. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales:

Include only a verbal mode in its 10 subtests.

Assess general intelligence and five intellectual factors.

Are only used to test children ages 6 to 16.

Are the most culture-free measure of intelligence available.

PROBLEM 16. According to Erikson, the psychological conflict of middle childhood is:

Autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Initiative versus guilt.

Industry versus inferiority.

Identity versus role confusion.

PROBLEM 17. Which of the following statements is true about obesity?

Obese children and adolescents report fewer emotional and school difficulties than their normal-weight peers.

Overweight individuals are less likely than their normal-weight age-mates to receive financial aid for college.

Childhood obesity is fairly easy to treat with strict diet and exercise.

The least effective interventions are individually based and focus on weight loss.

PROBLEM 18. Gardner's _________ and __________ intelligences include a set of capacities for dealing with people and understanding oneself that has become known as emotional intelligence.

Linguistic; musical.

Spatial; bodily-kinesthetic.

Interpersonal; intrapersonal.

Interpersonal; social.

PROBLEM 19. Preschoolers' impressive skill at categorization is supported by:

Animistic thinking.

Their rapidly expanding vocabularies.

Egocentric tendencies.

The use of magical thinking for events they cannot explain.

PROBLEM 20. In Piaget's concrete operational stage:

Thought is more logical, flexible, and organized than it was during early childhood.

The focus is on coordination of sensation and action through reflexive behaviors.

The child learns to use and to represent objects by images, words, and drawings.

Individuals move beyond concrete experiences and begin to think abstractly.