Reference no: EM132735707

CEM263 Plane Surveying - Oregon State University

Campus Development Project

The University has been asked to increase the available student housing on the OSU Corvallis campus in response to the increased need for social distancing due to COVID-19. To ensure student safety the University is constructing two new dormitories located on the land bound by 11th St, 15th St, SW Monroe Ave, and SW Jefferson Way. The proposed dormitory locations and desired control station locations have been identified in figure 1.

Figure 1 is a sketch of the dormitories proposed locations in the land bound by 11th St, 15th St, Monroe Ave, and Jefferson Way. This sketch also includes the proposed locations for the 5 primary control stations that OSU is requesting be established.

The University has engaged your survey/engineering firm, [insert your company name here], to provide the primary project control stations to be used during the construction of this new dormitory. Your clients, Oregon State University, has requested that these project control stations satisfy the following requirements:
A. Traverse:
i. The relative error of closure must satisfy Second Order, Class II as defined by FGCS. (1:20,000)
ii. Elevation misclosure must not be greater than 0.10 feet.
iii. Angular misclosure must satisfy Second Order, Class II requirements as defined by FGCS.
B. Differential Leveling
i. Elevation misclosure must satisfy Second Order, Class II requirements as defined by FGCS.

As the lead surveyor at your company you have already instructed the survey crews to set the desired stations, perform station ties, and acquire the following positioning data:
A. Differential leveling from a nearby NGS Benchmark MAG to Station 4 in the traverse network.
B. Total Station measurements (interior angles to the right) for a traverse with 5 stations that surround the project site. Direct and reverse face observations were taken.
C. Real-Time GNSS on all 5 stations with a minimum occupation time of 3 minutes receiving MAC network corrections from the Oregon Real-time GNSS Network (ORGN). The real-time coordinates are referenced to SPCS83 OR North Zone (Int Feet) and the NAVD88 orthometric heights were derived using GEOID12B.
D. Static GNSS on 2 stations, each with an observation length greater than 60 minutes. For these static sessions, the GNSS receiver had a rod height referenced to the antenna reference point (ARP) of 2.000 meters.
E. Note, Stations 2-5 are yellow plastic caps on a 5/8 inch by 30-inch iron rod set flush to the ground. While Station 1 is a 12-inch wooden hub with a surveyor's tack set flush to the ground.

The following equipment was used to acquire the data described above:
A. Differential Leveling:
• Leica LS15 Differential Level SN:1621102
• 3-meter barcode rod

B. Traverse Network
• Leica MS50 1" Instrument SN: 367916
• Leica Circular Prism w/ Targeting Plate (GPR121)
• Leica Telescopic Aluminum Pole (GLS12) w/ SECO bipod

C. GNSS (Static and Real-Time)
• (2) Leica GS 14 Receivers w/ CS 15 data collectors
• SECO 2-meter fixed height tripod for static observations
• SECO 2-meter fixed height rover rod w/ bipod for Real-Time data

Figure 2 depicts the various surveying instruments used to collect the data you will use for this project. On the top of is an image of a GS14 receiver with a CS15 data collector. The right is the Leica MS50 and the bottom is Leica LS15 differential level.

Report Requirements:
Using the data you have been given (located in the zip file you've downloaded from canvas) and knowledge you have gained throughout this course, determine the most probable coordinates of those 5 stations. Specific deliverable requirements are outlined below.

Part 0: Coversheet & table of contents

Your report needs to have a cover sheet containing the title of the report, your name, the date, and who you are submitting the document to. It is also required that you have a table of contents.

Part 1: Introduction
Describe the purpose of the project. The Introduction should include: 1) the general location of the survey, 2) a description of the surveying equipment used (e.g., makes and models), and 3) the methods used to determine the final coordinates of each station. Also, state whether you met the project requirements (e.g., angular misclosure, relative error of closure, and elevation misclosure).

Part 2: Coordinate determination methodology
Using the traverse, Static GNSS and Differential Leveling data, determine the Oregon SPC83 (2011) Epoch 2010.00 Northing, Easting, and NAVD88 orthometric heights of the 5 stations in units of international feet. In your own words, clearly and thoroughly describe the procedures used to determine these coordinates. Below are the steps that should be followed to determine said coordinates.
A. Reduce/Adjust the differential leveling data from Station MAG to Station 4 (this will be identical to what was done in the green pin exercise). See 1_LevelingFieldNotes.pdf.

B. Reduce the given set of traverse measurements, see 2_TraverseFieldNotes.pdf. Specifically, determine the following:
i. Interior angle at each station
ii. Average horizontal ground distance between each station.
iii. Using the average ground distances in part c above, determine the grid distances using the following average combined scale factor: 0.99994228
iv. Average delta elevation between each station
v. Adjusted delta elevations by applying an average correction. Note, if done correctly then the sum of the adjusted delta elevations will be equal to zero. See the Lab Project module for more details if you need help with this.
C. Upload the static GNSS data (.m00 files) to OPUS-RS to determine the SPCS83 OR North coordinates of station 3 and 4.When uploading these the OPUS your antenna will be LEIGS14 and the height to the ARP is 2.000m. You will need to upload these one at a time and I recommend you append each files name with your initials to prevent errors when uploading to OPUS (e.g. STA03_0577_0505_150722.m00 • CHS_ STA03_0577_0505_150722.m00)

D. Using the coordinates derived in Step C above, determine the grid azimuth from station 3 to station 4. This will be completed by inversing between the SPC83 OR North coordinates for each station (see lecture 10B for more details on inversing).
E. Determine the Northing and Easting coordinates of each station from a Compass Rule adjustment using the program Trav_V2.2.exe. (See the handout for how to use Trav_v2.2.) Note, you will be inputting the information from steps B.i., B.iii., C., and D. above. As a reminder, when inputting this data into Trav2.2 you need to put them in order from your starting station which will be station 3. (i.e. 3 to 4 to 5 to 1 to 2). Pay attention to units here as the project requires final coordinates in international feet whereas OPUS reports the coordinates in meters.

F. Using the adjusted average delta elevations from B.v. above and the adjusted elevation of Station 4 from Step A above, determine the elevation of the remaining stations.
G. Summarize your final coordinates of stations 1-5 in a table with the following columns (Station, Northing, Easting, Orthometric Height). Be sure to identify what the reference datums and coordinate systems are for these final coordinates.

Part 3: Analysis
A. For the differential leveling data identify the elevation misclosure and the FGCS order of work satisfied by this level section. Assume that the level section had a forward length of 199.59 meters and backward length 199.79 meters. Clearly show how the order of work was determined.

B. For the traverse data, identify the angular misclosure and FGCS order of work satisfied by this traverse. Additionally, determine what the elevation misclosure is for this polygon traverse (hint: it is found by taking the sum of the delta elevations determined in Step B.iv). Finally, identify what the linear and relative error of closure is (this is an output from Trav 2.2, but I would also like you to show how it is computed). You should clearly show how all of the aforementioned requirements were computed. BONUS: Do you think this instrument needs to be recalibrated? Why? (hint: check for horizontal or vertical indexing errors)

C. For the GNSS analysis start by discussing the OPUS-RS solution reports for stations 3 and 4. Identify and describe each of the quality control measures that should be reviewed once the solutions are received from OPUS. Did the quality control measures satisfy the requirements that were identified in lecture? (see lecture 13 for identifying the quality control measures on OPUS Solution Reports)

D. Compare the orthometric heights derived for station 4 from Static GNSS and Real-Time GNSS as compared to the Differential Leveling data from Station MAG. Which method do you think provides the most accurate results? Why? Provide reasoning as to why you think the differential leveling derived orthometric height is selected as the "truth dataset" in this comparison.

E. Compare the resulting coordinates summarized in Part 2.G above to the Real-Time GNSS Coordinates. When making this comparison, show the deltas for each coordinate of each station (see Table 1 as an example). Did any of the differences standout to you? If there were any large differences, what do you think could have caused them (i.e., error sources)? Which dataset do you have a higher confidence in? Explain (i.e., which coordinates do you think is more accurate, and why?) Note, it might be easier to answer this question in two parts: Local accuracy (also referred to as relative accuracy), and network accuracy (also referred to absolute accuracy).

Part 4: Conclusion
Your conclusion should include the following at a minimum:
• Summary of what was done to determine the final coordinates of Stations 1-5.
• Benefits and limitations of each survey method that was utilized (e.g. Traversing, Differential Leveling, Static GNSS, Real-time GNSS).
• Recommendations on how you could improve the confidence of your final coordinates (Different field procedures? More data, less data? Different processing procedures? Etc.)

Part 5: Professional Map of Resulting Coordinates
Either an AutoCAD or an ArcPro generated map of the final traverse stations is required. For students who select the ArcPro option, since ArcPro is not part of the required CEM curriculum, a set of written instructions can be found on the class Canvas site, and the instructor or TA will be available during lab to provide assistance.) Although the requirements for each option are similar, there are slight differences so please be sure to refer to the correct requirements when completing the map.

Option 1: Map of Station Locations using ArcPro
The requirements for the map generated using ArcPro are listed below:
a. Depict the stations of the traverse using the adjusted coordinates from TRAV. The name and coordinates (i.e., northing, easting, elevation) of every station of the traverse shall be labeled. Symbols (e.g., circle, square, etc.) should be used to denote survey stations, and a different symbol should be used for each station type (e.g., rebar with plastic cap vs. hub with survey tack vs. brass disk).
b. Use Projected Coordinate System: NAD83 (2011) (Intl Feet) Oregon North (FIPS 3601)
c. Report the average combined scale factor used to reduce the ground distances to grid distances.
d. Contain the Esri World Imagery basemap.
e. Contain a north arrow and a scale bar.
f. Include evenly-spaced east-west and north-south grid lines (e.g., at two hundred foot spacings). The easting or northing of each grid line shall be labeled.
g. Show the traverse lines with the adjusted horizontal length from TRAV labeled.
h. Contain a title block and a legend defining all symbols.

Option 2: Map of Station Locations using AutoCAD Civil 3D
The requirements for the map generated using AutoCAD Civil 3D are listed below:
a. Depict the stations of the traverse using the adjusted coordinates from TRAV v2.2. The name and coordinates (i.e., northing, easting, elevation) of every station of the traverse shall be labeled on the drawing. Symbols (e.g., circle, square, etc.) should be used to denote survey stations, and a different symbol should be used for each station type (e.g., rebar with plastic cap vs. hub with survey tack vs. brass disk).
b. Show the traverse lines with the following distances labeled:
i. Average horizontal length measured from the EDM (Topographic Dist.)
ii. Adjusted horizontal length from TRAV (Grid Dist.)
c. Show the interior angles by labeling the following:
i. Measured interior angles from the total station
ii. Adjusted interior angles from TRAV
d. Be drawn at an appropriate scale that fills an entire page of 8.5 x 11 paper. The drawing shall be printed to exactly this scale. Select a scale that is rounded to the nearest 10 feet. For example, you may try 1 inch = 50 feet, or 1 inch = 100 feet, or 1 inch = 200 feet, etc.
e. Include evenly spaced east-west and north-south grid lines (e.g., at two hundred- foot spacings). The easting or northing of each grid line shall be labeled.
f. Show the traverse lines with the adjusted horizontal length from TRAV labeled
g. Contain a title block, a legend defining all symbols, a north arrow, and a scale bar.

Part 6: Appendix
Please include the following items as an appendix to your report in this order:
1. Differential Leveling Computations (these can just be computed on the field note sheet)
2. Traverse Computations (these can just be computed on the field note sheet)
3. OPUS Solutions from NGS for both Static GNSS observations
4. Trav_V2.2 output
5. Anything else you want to include. (spread sheets, additional hand calculations, etc.)

Part 7: Group Contribution
This requirement is only applicable to group report (i.e. if you completed this report individually you can ignore this part).
Students that choose to complete this project in a group (2 persons per group max) are required to include a summary of each person's contribution to the report. Note, the workload should be equally distributed so please ensure both members of the party are contributing to the report.

Attachment:- Plane Surveying.rar