Reference no: EM133200201

Supplemental Questions

Review Session

Cell Cycle

1. Draw out and label the stages of the Cell Cycle. What is going on inside the cell at each stage?

2. Why is the cell cycle compared to a clock or washing machine dial?

3. What terminology do we use to describe chromosomes during the G1 phase? During the G2 phase? During mitosis itself?

4. What are the stages of mitosis?

5. What are cyclin-dependent kinases and cyclins, and how do they act to regulate the cell cycle?

6. What are some of the internal controls on the cell cycle and how do they work? (We talked about two in class.)

7. What are some of the external controls on the cell cycle?

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

1. Write the summary reaction for cellular respiration. Label "reactants" and "products". Write the summary reaction for photosynthesis. Label "reactants" and "products". What is the relationship between the two equations?

2. Where is the energy stored in a glucose molecule?

3. The 3-carbon-atom (3C) product of glycolysis is called_ _. Inside a cell, this molecule moves from to and is oxidized into .

4. Production of ATP in the absence of O2 is called . If oxygen is not present, the 3C molecule gets reduced into (in yeast; e.g. beer) or __________________(in our muscle cells).

5. What are the two primary purposes of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

6. Which step(s) of cellular respiration use O2?

7. What is the product of glycolysis? What molecule enters the citric acid cycle? Are they the same or different molecules? How does the product of glycolysis become the starting molecule for the citric acid cycle?

8. Write out two steps in cellular respiration that involve redox couples. What is it about these reactions that indicates that they are redox reactions?

9. Which of the three major stages of cellular respiration creates the majority of cellular ATP energy?

10. Describe the relationship between the electron transport chain, chemiosmosis and ATP synthesis.

11. What occurs during the first stage of photosynthesis? What are the steps of this first stage? What are the products of this first stage?

12. Which stage of photosynthesis uses H2O? What is the reaction and the product?

13. Which stage of photosynthesis uses CO2? What is the name of the enzyme involved in the first steps of the process?

14. The enzyme you identified in Question 13 has an unusual property, which may have a negative impact on the plant. What is this property, and how does it affect the plant? What strategies have plants evolved to overcome this problem?

15. Compare and contrast the production and ultimate fate of ATP and electron carriers in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.