Cause-and-effect statements researchers make

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Internal validity (IV) is associated with the cause-and-effect statements researchers make. IV is the central aspect of the methods researchers use in a study. Internal Validity is concerned with making cause-and-effect claims based on a study's research design. Hopefully, the design will eliminate revival hypotheses. Intimately related to the amount of experimental control: (1) Random selection of participants, (2) Random assignment to groups - control and experimental, (3) Manipulation and measurement of variables, and (4) Timing of measurements.

There are three main types of design research. They are (1) One-shot pretest/posttest designs, (2) non-equal groups, and (3) equal-group designs. Remember that non-equal and equal groups are different based on random selection. Researchers specify which participants are in the treatment and control (no treatment) groups in non-equal designs. Random selection is used in equal designs.

Reference no: EM133668112

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