Reference no: EM133196505 , Length: Word count: 1 Page
1. Calculate the flux of a membrane filter if it contains 75 sq. ft. of filter area and operates for 24 hours at a flow rate of 5 gpm. Assume that the water temperature is 20oC.
a. 960 gals/sq ft/day
b. 96 gals/sq ft/day
c. 7,200 gals/sq ft/day
d. 300 gals/sq ft/day
2. With the answer to #1, calculate the specific flux of the system if it contains 75 sq. ft. of filter area and operates for 24 hours at a flow rate of 5 gpm. Assume that the water temperature is 20oC and the TMP of the system is 20 psi. (specific flux = flux divided by TMP)
a. 48 gfd/psi
b. 20 gfd/psi
c. 4.8 gfd/psi
d. 8.4 gfd/psi
In the previous,we calculated the flux to be 96 gfd. In order to calculate. 96 gfd / 20 psi. = 4.8gfd/psi
3. What quality doesn't determine the percent recovery in membrane treatment?
a. membrane filtration level selected
b. the characteristics of the membrane itself
c. iron content of the water
d. the quality of the feed water
4. Which of the following mechanisms is used by a membrane filter to remove particulate material from the water?
a. adsorption
b. settling
c. straining
5. The membrane filtration level with the smallest pore size (0.0001 - 0.001 µm) is called
a. microfiltration
b. reverse osmosis
c. nanofiltration
6. The flow rate through the membrane filter itself expressed as gallon per square foot per day is
a. permeate
b. headloss
c. flux
7. Which one of the following is the name of the process of reversing the direction of water flow through the filter using filtered water?
a. back pulse
b. reverse flow
c. air pressure
8. The filtered water that has been treated by a membrane filter is called
a. permeate
b. concentrate
c. reject
9. Which of the following remains the primary use of membrane filtration in water treatment?
a. the desalination of salt water to produce potable water
b. as a pretreatment step in water treatment
c. for filtration of surface or ground water under the direct influence of surface water
10. What is NOT a form of membrane filter construction?
a. hollow filter
b. spiral wound
c. ceramic
d. cross flow
11. A raw water reservoir would be an example of which membrane pretreatment method (where the goal is to reduce the loading and fouling potential of the water fed to the membrane)?
a. filtration
b. clarification
c. chemical treatment
12. Which of the following is a valid name for a test for testing membrane integrity?
a. flux membrane test
b. reversal of flow test
c. air pressure hold test
13. Chlorines, acids, and bases are three types of chemicals used to do which of the following?
a. prescreen the water in the membrane filtration system
b. chemically clean a membrane filtration system
c. monitor a membrane filtration system for fiber failure
14. Which is NOTused by a membrane filter to remove particulate material from the water?
a. flux
b. reverse flow
c. particle counts
d. chlorine
15. For surface water system, the required residual disinfectant concentration may not be less than ______mg/L for more than ______ hours before the first customer.
a. 0.2, 6
b. 2.0, 6
c. 0.2, 4
d. 2.0, 4
16. (True or False) The Interim Surface Water Treatment Rule was enacted for the control ofturbidity.
17. (True or False)A 3-log removal of organisms means 99.9% removal of target organisms.
18. (True or False) PAC addition and chlorine reduction might be employed in conjunction with micro- or ultrafiltration to reduce the formation of disinfection byproducts.
19. Nanofiltration and ______ membrane treatment processes that may be used to remove radon from a source water, even though they may not be cost effective treatments.
a. microfiltration
b. ultrafiltration
c. RO
d. conventional treatment
20. (True or False) The cost of operating a membrane filtration system is determined by flux rate attainable, rate of TMPincrease, and membrane replacement frequency.
21. (True or False) The product water of a membrane filtration process using reverse osmosis and nanofiltration is corrosive because ionsare removed that reduce the buffering capacity of the water.
22. (True or False) In-line sensors are a direct method of testing membrane integrity that requires taking the membrane out of service for a short period of time.
23. (True or False) A possible change in feed water, a change in the effectiveness of pretreatment, and RF process parameters should be examined when determining the cause of a rapid increase in the membrane filtration system TMP.
24. (True or False) Reversible fouling can be removed, although it can be time and labor intensive to do so.
25. (True or False) Irreversible fouling is fouling that cannot be removed from the membrane surface. It usually results in the need to replace the membrane or to operate at a much higher flux rate than originally used.
26. (True or False) Permeate turbidity, particle counts, and Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels could become elevated if enough fibers are compromised. On-line integrity testing will spot a broken fiber without the use of on-line turbidimeters or particle counters.