Reference no: EM132666898
Question 1:
For each of the following scenarios, (a) state the study design, (b) calculate the risk of the outcome among the exposed relative to the unexposed being sure to use the appropriate measure of risk, and (c) interpret your findings in a full sentence in the context of the study.
Hint: First, identify the exposure and outcome. Then, set up the 2x2 table and calculate the risk.
a) The incidence rate of stomach cancer in a population of middle-aged men who smoke is observed to be 5.3 per 1000 person-years. in an equivalent population of middle-aged men who do not smoke, the incidence rate is 1.7 per 1000 person-years.
b) 150 Charlotte residents were identified via medical records as having had the flu during the 2018 winter season. When interviewed, 24 of these residents reported having had surgery during the previous year. 200 other Charlotte residents were identified who did not have the flu during the winter of 2018. When interviewed, 24 of these individuals reported having had surgery during the previous year.
c) 1,700 bone fracture patients participated in a trial of a new topical pain-killer. 700 patients were randomized to receive the new topical pain-killer, and 329 reported good or very good pain relief during the study period_ The remaining 1000 patients received the standard oral pain-killer and 692 reported good or very good pain relief during the study period.
Question 2:
In the 2019 Health Equity article referenced in this module's Action Sheet, the authors found 109 of 173 deaf LGBTQ adults reported at least two chronic conditions (comorbidities). In comparison, 430 of 770 deaf non¬LGBTQ adults reported at least two chronic comorbidities.
Citation: Kushalnagar P, Miller CA (2019) Health disparities among mid-to-older deaf LGBTQ adults compared to mid-to-older deaf non-LGBTQ adults in the United Stotes, Health Equity 3:1, 541-547
a) Set up the 2x2 table to calculate excess risk for this scenario
b) Calculate the relative risk. Show your calculations to receive credit
c) Calculate the odds ratio. Show your calculations to receive credit
d) Is the odds ratio a good estimate of the relative risk in this scenario? In 2-4 sentences, explain why or why not.
Question 3:
In your own words, explain why we cannot calculate the relative risk directly for a case-control study (2-4 sentences).
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