Reference no: EM132416685

A steam pipe (kpipe = 45 W/m·K) having 70 mm inner diameter and 85 mm outer diameter is covered with a 35 mm thick layer of insulation (kins = 0.15 W/m·K). In order to protect the insulation material from the humid environment, the pipe is further covered by a 25 mm thick layer of ceramics material (kceramics = 0.075 W/m·K). The heat transfer coefficient inside and outside of the pipe are 220 W/m2 ·K and 6.5 W/m2 ·K, respectively. Steam temperature is maintained at 350ºC whereas the average outside air temperature is 30ºC. Under steady state condition, the temperature at the outer surface of the ceramic layer is 77.76ºC. Calculate the heat flux crosses the inner surface and outer surface of the pipe, respectively.